Courses : Intermediate Microeconomics Lecturer : Frischa Adellia Semester : 4th Semester, 2022/2023 Sesion Break-Even Point The break-even point or break-even point is a point where production costs equal revenue or total income from the sale of a product or service. At the break-even point, the company experiences neither profit nor loss, because the revenue earned is sufficient to cover production costs. The breakeven point can be calculated using the following formula: Break-even point = Total fixed costs / (Selling price per unit - Variable costs per unit) In the formula above, total fixed costs are costs that do not change even if production or sales increase, such as the cost of renting a building or the salaries of regular employees. Meanwhile, variable costs are costs that change as production or sales increase, such as raw material costs or electricity costs. By calculating the breakeven point, the company can find out the minimum amount of sales that must be achieved to cover production costs and achieve a breakeven point. In practice, companies will try to make a profit by selling products or services above the breakeven point. If a company sells products or services below the break-even point, the company will incur a loss because the revenue earned is insufficient to cover production costs. Conversely, if a company sells products or services above the break-even point, the company will make a profit because the revenue earned exceeds production costs. In business, the break-even point is very important to note because it can help companies make the right business decisions, such as determining product or service selling prices, calculating production costs, and knowing sales targets that must be achieved to achieve profits. In addition, the break-even point can also help companies plan business strategies, such as determining whether the company should increase production or reduce production costs to achieve more optimal profits. The break-even point can also change with changes in production costs or selling prices of products or services. If production costs increase or selling prices decrease, then the break- even point will increase so that the company must increase the number of sales to achieve the same profit. Conversely, if production costs decrease or selling prices increase, then the breakeven point will decrease so that the company can achieve the same profit with a smaller number of sales. Therefore, it is important for a company to regularly monitor its break-even point and adapt its business strategy according to changes in production costs and selling prices of products or services. By understanding and managing the breakeven point well, the company can gain greater profits and maintain its business continuity. In addition, the break-even point can also assist companies in making decisions about business development, such as determining whether the company should develop new products or expand market share to achieve more optimal growth. By knowing the break-even point, a company can estimate the number of sales needed to achieve the desired level of profit from a new product or market. The breakeven point can also assist a company in conducting business risk analysis, such as identifying risks that may arise from fluctuations in production costs or selling prices of products or services. By knowing the break-even point, companies can estimate how long they can survive in the market if there are fluctuations in production costs or selling prices of products or services. In practice, companies can also use the break-even point concept to create better financial statements, such as an income statement. By including information about the break-even point in the income statement, a company can provide more complete and accurate information about the profits and losses resulting from its business operations. In conclusion, the break-even point is a very important concept in business because it can help companies in making better decisions about business development, business risk analysis, and financial reports. Therefore, it is important for companies to understand and manage the breakeven point well in order to achieve optimal profits and maintain business continuity in the future. To find the break-even point, a company needs to consider several factors, such as fixed costs, variable costs, product or service selling prices, and expected sales volume. Fixed costs are costs that do not change even if the amount of production or sales changes, while variable costs are costs that change with the amount of production or sales. To find the breakeven point, a company can use the following formula: Break Even Point = Fixed Cost / (Selling Price per Unit - Variable Cost per Unit) This formula will give you the number of sales needed to break even in units or in dollars. In this case, the company must consider whether the amount of sales needed to break even is possible or not, and whether the selling price of the product or service offered is reasonable or not. Apart from that, companies can also use the breakeven chart to visualize the breakeven point. The break-even chart is a graph that shows the relationship between the total costs and total revenue of the company at various levels of production or sales. At the break-even point, total costs equal total revenue, so the graph will show the meeting point between the total cost curve and the total revenue curve. In practice, companies need to regularly monitor their break-even point to ensure that they are still making profits and managing risk well. Companies also need to consider external factors, such as market competition, government regulations, and changing market trends, in making business decisions and managing their breakeven point.