Chapter 8 Pre Test 1. The increased number and importance of interest groups - is a response to an increase in the size and activity of government 2. Over the past several decades, the number and scale of interest groups at the national level has - Dramatically increased 3. A full-page, fully paid spread in the New York Times publicizing a major oil company is best described as - Institutional advertising 4. The term “stakeholder” refers to - Organizations affected by a government policy 5. Lobbying is - An attempt by an individual or group to Influencee the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through phone calls or emails, on members of Congress or a state legislature. 6. The best description of the ideal of pluralism is that - Interest groups should be free to compete for governmental influence 7. The New Politics movement gave rise to. _____ groups - Public intrest 8. A person who enjoys the benefits of a group’s collective efforts but does not contribute to those efforts is called a ___. - Free rider 9. In the lobbying world, the be “Microsofted” means that a company has - become vulnerable to adverse legislation and investigation as a result of failing to lobby the federal government. 10. The Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) was significant because it - dramatically increased the flow of money from interest groups and Super PACs into politics and electoral campaigns. 11. Public interest groups differ from other types of interest groups in that - They claim to serve the common good, not just their own particular interest 12. How do interest groups use litigation as a strategy of influence? - They file amicus curiae briefs, finance lawsuits, and bring suit directly on behalf of the group. 13. An iron triangle is made up of an alliance between - A legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency 14. One way in which AARP (formerly the American Association of Retired Persons) has been effective at overcoming the free-rider problem is by providing ________ benefits to its members. - Selective 15. The Sierra Club is a(n) ___ group - Public interest 16. A benefit that is sought by an interest group and that once achieved cannot be denied to nonmembers is called a - Collective good 17. When membership in an organization allows for a reduction in the price of museum tickets, it is an example of a - Material benefit 18. ____ is a strategy that attempts to mobilize the widest and most favorable climate of opinion. - Going public 19. Which of the following was NOT part of the ethics rules enacted by Congress in 2007? - A prohibition on all PAC contributions to members of Congress 20. The solitary benefits of interest groups include - Friendship and consciousness-raising Chapter 9 Pre Test 1. A senator who agrees to vote for a tax cut bill that he or she disagrees with in order to receive another senator’s vote on a climate change bill that he or she has proposed is engaged in - Logrolling 2. Conference committee - Must always include members from both political parties 3. How can Congress override a president’s veto? - A two-thirds vote in both chambers 4. The process of allocating congressional seats among the 50 states is called? - Appointment 5. Compared to the rest of American history, recent congresses have been ___ polarized and ___ productive in terms of passing laws. - More; less 6. Congress is a _____ legislature with ____ members - Bicameral; 535 7. Which of the following statements about the impeachment process is most accurate? - It is a political exercise 8. What is cloture? - The process which three-fifths of the Senate can end a filibuster 9. A senator or representative running for reelection is called the - Incumbent 10. A member of the House of Representatives that helps a constituent apply for Social Security benefits is engaging in - Constituency service 11. How is the Speaker of the House determined? - The elected leader of the majority party in the House is the Speaker 12. A filibuster allows members of the Senate to - Prevent a vote on a bill by speaking continuously on the floor 13. Gerrymandering refers to the - Manipulating of electoral districts to serve the interests of a particular group 14. What is the MOST common occupation among members of Congress before coming to Congress? - Laywer 15. A U.S. senator has ___ year term - 6 years 16. The kind of representation that takes place when constituents have the power to hire and fire their representatives is called - Agency representation 17. The term “Pork barrel” refers to - appropriations made by legislative bodies for local projects that are often not needed but that are created so that local representatives can win reelection in their home districts. 18. In discussion of Congress, the term “whip” refers to - a party member in the House or Senate responsible for coordinating the party’s legislative strategy, building support for key issues, and counting votes 19. Oversight can best be described as the - Efforts of Congress to supervise the manner in which its laws are implemented by the executive branch 20. Conference committees are - Temporary, involve members from both houses of Congress, and are charged with reaching a compromise on legislation once it has been passed by both the House and the Senate Chapter 10 Pre-Test 1. The office of the presidency was established by Article ___ of the Constitution. - Two 2. What is the primary constitutional task of the vice president, besides succeeding the president in case of death, resignation, or incapacitation? - To cast tie-breaking votes in the Senate 3. ____ powers are specifically established by the language of the Constitution. - Expressed 4. When presidents use popular appeals in an attempt to create a mass base of support that will allow them to accomplish their goals, it is referred to as - Going public 5. What is required for Congress to override a presidential veto? - Two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress 6. The president’s group of advisers and analysts is collectively called the - Cabinet 7. In order to get around the need for Senate approval of treaties, many contemporary presidents have made use of ____ in foreign affairs. - Executive agreements 8. Three components of presidents’ “administrative strategy” have been - Enhancing the power of the Executive Office of the President, increasing the White House control over the federal bureaucracy, and expanding the role of executive orders and other instruments of direct presidential governance. 9. A signing statement is an announcement - the president makes about his interpretation of a congressional enactment he is signing into law 10. A pocket veto is a - Presidential veto that is automatically triggered if the president does not act on a given piece of legislation passed during the final 10 days of a legislative session. 11. A presidential emergency declaration - Remains in force for only one year unless it is renewed by the president. 12. The state of the Union address is - Mandated by the Constitution 13. In general, presidents - must state the constitutional or statutory basis for their use of executive orders. 14. Approximately ____ people work for the various agencies within the Executive Office of the president. - 1,500 to 2,000 15. The last time Congress exercised its constitutional power to declare war was during - World War II 16. Executive agreements differ from formal treaties in that they - Do not have to be approved by the Senate 17. The ____ is the informal designation for the heads of the major federal government departments. - Cabinet 18. The office of management and Budget and the Council of Economic Advisers are both parts of the - The executive office of the President 19. The ___ asserte asserted d that th thee preside president nt could send A American merican troops into action abroad only iin n the even eventt of a declaration of war or other statuto statutory ry authorization by Congress, or if American tro troops ops wer weree attacked or directly end endangered. angered. - War Powers Resolution of 1973 20. When Dwight Eisenhower sent federal troops into Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957, it demonstrated that the - President may make unilateral use of the emergency powers to protect states against domestic disorder Ch 11 pretest 1. ___ is the process through which bureucrats attempt to translate laws into specific rules and actions. - Implementation 2. The Civil Service Act of 1883 attempted to pattern government hiring after practicing found in - Business 3. Which of the ffollowing ollowing is an independent agency agency? - Environmental Protection Agency 4. The F Freedom reedom of Information Act is designed to - Make more national security documents available to the public 5. The concept of oversight refers to the effort made by - Congress to make executive agencies accountable for their action s 6. Which of the following is the best description of an iron triangle? - The stable relationship between a bureaucratic agency, a clientele group, and a legislative committee 7. Which of the following is a governmental cooperation? - Amtrak 8. The There re are approximately ________ military personnel currently in the United Stat States. es. - 1.3 milion 9. Since 1950, compared with the entire workforce, the number of fede federal ral employees has - Gradually declined 10. What is government corporation? - An agency that performs and charges for services usually provided by the private sector 11. Dev Devolution olution describes a process through which - the federal government is downsized by delegating the implementation of programs to state and local governments. 12. Privatization is a way to -reduce government costs by relocating government programs to private groups or corporation 13. The National Park Service is - Part of the Department of Interiro 14. Which of the following is an example of a revenue agency? - IRS 15. Which president instituted the bureaucratic reform called the National Performance Review? - Bill Clinton 16. Compa Compared red to privateprivate-sector sector workers, members of the full full-time -time civilian federal workforce are 17. A bu bureau reau charged with putting restrictions and obligations on individuals or corporations in the private se sector ctor iiss called a ________ agency. - Regulatory 18. When the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee launched a 2016 inquiry into a sudden 500-percent price hike on EpiPens (which are used to treat severe allergic reactions), it was an example of - Fire alarm oversight 19. ___ occurs when the federal government passes authority to administer a program to state or local government. - Devolution 20. The Department of Health and Human Services - Control the implementation of all federal healthcare policy with the exception of Medicare. Chapter 12 pre test 1. The size of the US supreme court is set by - COngres 2. When a private individual brings a suit against a company for breaking a contract, this is an example of ________ law. - Civil 3. A w writ rit of habeas corpus declares that . the government must show a legal cause for holding someone in detention. 4. Whic Which h of the following is not included as a "s "special pecial and compelling" reason to hear a case under Rule 10 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States? - The president of the United States authors an amicus curiae brief on the issue in question. 5. Aside from the justices themsel themselves, ves, who or what has the greatest power in shaping the flow of cases to the Supre Supreme me Court? - The solicitor general 6. Ca Cases ses ________ are NOT part of the origi original nal jurisd jurisdiiction of the U.S. Supreme Court. Brought by one state against citizens of another state or against a foreign country 7. Prior cases whose principles are used by judges to decide current cases are called - Precedents 8. In what type of law is the government always the plaintiff? - Criminal Law 9. A pe person, rson, agency, or interest group not dire directly ctly a party to a case but with an interest in its outcome may file a(n) ________ b brief. rief. o Amicus curiae 10. Through the exe exercise rcise of ________, the Supreme Court has held actions or laws of tthe he executive and legislati legislative ve branches unconstitutional. - Judical review 11. A plea bargain is a negotiated agreement in a criminal case in whi which ch a defendant agrees to plead guil guilty ty in return for the ssttate' ate'ss agreem agreement ent to re reduce duce th thee seve severity rity of the criminal charge the defendant iiss fac facing. ing. - True 12. Why is Marbury v. Madison (1803) an important case? - Justices authorizes supreme court to exercise judicial reviw over alw passed by congress 13. Most cases reach the Supreme Court through - writ of certiorari 14. The doctrine of ________ requires courts to follow authoritative prior decisions when ruling on a case. - Stare decisis 15. Cases in which the U.S. government is a party are - Always heard in a federal court 16. If someone is an advocate of the philosophy of judicial restraint, he or she believes - in looking only at the words of the Constitution in order to understand its meaning. 17. What did the framers call the “least dangerous branch” of American government? - The supreme court 18. In ___ cases, the losers cannot be fined or incarcerated by the state - Civil law Chapter 13 1. In the United States, the government’s right to take private property for public use is referred to as - Eminent domain 2. The goal of Social Security is to - Ensure a basic income to all workers once they retire 3. Which of the ffollowing ollowing played an important role in caring ffor or the poor during the nineteent nineteenth h cen century? tury? - Churches and religious organizations 4. The periodi periodicc adjustmen adjustmentt of benefits or wages th that at ttakes akes into account the in increased creased cost of living iiss called - Indexing 5. The power to raise or lower the tax rate is part of - Fiscal policy 6. A way to reduce the disparities in wealth between the rich and poor is called - Policy of redistribution 7. Which president warned the nation to beware of the powerful “military industrial complex” as he was leaving office? - Eisenhower 8. An officially expressed purpose or goal backed by a sanction is a - Public policy 9. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 aimed to promote equality of opportunity with which two provisions? - a provision that requ required ired schools to show positive test results for all subcategories of children and a provision that allowed parents of children in failing schools to transfer thei theirr children to better sc schools hools 10. Whic Which h of tthe he following programs provides an in in-kind -kind benefit? - Supplemental Security Income 11. A five-dollar fine for a parking violation is an example of a - Civil penalty 12. Supplemental Nut Nutrition rition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the largest antipoverty program, which provides recipients with a debt card for food at most gro grocery cery stores, formerly known as fo food od stamps. True 13. The tthree hree MOST important federal programs to assist the wor working king poor ar aree - the Affordable Care Act, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. 14. Medicare is a ____ program. Medicaid is a ____ program - Contributory; noncontributory 15. A(n) ________ bene benefit fit is one where potential recipients must document their genuine need. - Means-tested 16. The mo most st powerful institution in determining Ameri America's ca's monetary policy is - The Federal Reserve Board 17. How did tthe he Great Depression change American attitudes about welfare? - It revealed that poverty could be caused by a flawed economic system, not just by personal irresponsibility. 18. What is a shadow welfare state? - The welfare payments that the government is committed to paying in the future 19. Whic Which h of tthe he following groups receives the MOST benefits from government’s social policies? - The middle class 20. What is the shadow welfare state? - Tax breaks—credits, deductions and preferential tax rates that subsidize social welfare Chapter 14 Pre-Test 1. The period of struggle between the United States an and d the former Soviet Union lasting from the late 1940s tto o abo about ut 1990 w was as known as the Heated Exchange. - False 2. Whic Which h of the following is the most important actor in the cconduc onduc onductt of A Americ meric merican an foreign policy? - The president 3. The term “soft power” refers to - Efforts by one nation to influence the people and governments of other nations by persuasion rather than coercion 4. An agreement between the president and another country that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate’s “advice and consent” is called a(n) - Executive agreement 5. Currently, the United Nations has ____ member states. - 192 6. The N North orth American Free Trade Agreement is a(n) - \trade treaty between Mexico, Canada, and the United States designed to lower and eliminate tariffs. 7. The three main goals of American foreign policy are - Security, prosperity, and the creation fo a better world 8. The representation of a government to other foreign governments is called - Diplomacy 9. In foreign policy, the Bush Doctrine refers to - Preemptive ware 10. Amnesty International is a(n): - Interest group that works to protect human rights 11. The Policy of striking a nation that might be contemplating hostile action is called - Preemptive war 12. The Department of Homeland Security was established in - 2002 13. The Kyoto Protocol is a(n): - agreement setting limits on emissions of greenhouse gases from industrial countries. 14. The headquarters of the United Nations is located in - New York 15. Congress has exercised its power to declare war ____ times in American history. - 5 16. Which president made prevention the centerpiece of his foreign policy? - Bush 17. _____ warned Americans to avoid permanent alliances with foreign powers - George Washington 18. The nineteenth-century policy of ___ was based on the geographic distance of the United States from other countries. - Isolationism 19. The Bush administration’s “global war on terror” and the war in Iraq were expressions of - Preventative war 20. The period of struggle between the United States and the former Soviet Union lasting from the late 1940s to about 1990 was known as the Heated Exchange. - False