Law Answer Note #12

Question 1 We have all read about cases in which lawyers apparently relied on generative artificial intelligence systems to produce arguments and citations that can be (and have been) submitted to courts. When a judge gets a filing that seems to have citations that don’t exist, they take it seriously. But there is a danger if we think that false statements made by generative AI systems are limited to these systems being directed to provide content for legal briefs. The growing use of generative AI in all contexts in business and governmental organizations means that the dangers associated with what has come to be known as “AI hallucination” (that is, instances in which AI systems generate content that is held out to be true when, in fact, it is not.) 1. For this paper, you will be in the position of a CIO who has come to recognize the risks associated with AI hallucinations. Assume you are writing a document that the General Counsel would send out to all of the senior managers of your company/agency. 2. Begin with an introduction in which you provide your definition of AI hallucination and why you believe it is a real problem worth addressing. 3. Then provide three examples of how applications of generative AI might be used in an organization that you believe would cause difficulties if they generated content with AI hallucinations that were not caught before the text was used. For each, please briefly explain the application, what falsehoods might be generated, and what steps you believe would be appropriate to defend against false information generated by generative AI systems from being released. 4. Finally, provide your conclusion as to how the organization should approach the problem of AI hallucination, and steps that you believe would be reasonable, doable and which would be realistic in light of resource requirements for your solution. 5. Your paper should be clearly written. Think beyond the legal effect of signing and consider how we could make sure that people understand what they sign, whether you favor the concept of informed consent or not. 6. Please use properly formatted citations (APA) to reference your points where necessary and appropriate from your own online research. Citations should not just be a readings list you can make it as in-text citation or use it as endnotes. Answer As the Chief Information Officer of a company or agency, it is essential to be aware of the risks associated with artificial intelligence (AI) systems, particularly the phenomenon known as "AI hallucination." In this paper, we will define AI hallucination and its potential impact in an organization, as well as provide practical steps for addressing and mitigating this problem. Firstly, what is AI hallucination? AI hallucination refers to the instances where AI systems generate content that is asserted to be true but is, in fact, false. This issue arises due to the lack of human intervention and oversight in the content generation process, making it difficult to detect and correct the false information. Considering the growing use of AI in various contexts, including business and governmental organizations, the dangers associated with AI hallucination cannot be ignored. There are many potential applications of generative AI in an organization that could lead to difficulties if they generate content with AI hallucinations that go unnoticed. Here are three examples: 1. AI for Fraud Detection: Many organizations use AI systems to analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns and anomalies as a means of detecting and preventing fraud. However, if the AI system generates false information or patterns that do not exist, it could lead to incorrect conclusions and potentially wrongfully accusing individuals or companies of fraud. 2. AI for Publication and Content Creation: With the growing trend of content creation and publishing through AI, there is a risk of AI hallucination contributing to "fake news." Unchecked AI-generated content could lead to the dissemination of misinformation, damaging the credibility of the organization. 3. AI for Risk Assessment: In some organizations, AI systems are utilized to assess and predict risks associated with business decisions. However, if these systems generate false information, it could result in poor decision-making, leading to significant financial or reputational losses for the organization. To defend against false information generated by AI systems, the most crucial step is to ensure human intervention and oversight in the content generation process. This could include implementing periodic audits and reviews of the AI systems' output, creating a team of AI experts to monitor and review the algorithms, and implementing checks and balances to verify the accuracy of the information generated. In conclusion, the issue of AI hallucination is a real problem that can have severe consequences for organizations. To address this problem, it is vital for organizations to take proactive measures for human intervention and oversight in the AI content generation process. Additionally, it is crucial for organizations to stay updated on the latest advancements and developments in AI technology to ensure the continued accuracy and integrity of the information generated. By implementing these steps, organizations can mitigate the risks associated with AI hallucination and protect their resources, reputation, and stakeholders. Question 2 The colonisations of our island by the French and British have shaped the Mauritian legal system”. With respect to the above statement analyse the doctrine of Mauritian law and explain which other sources of law takes precedence or primacy over the doctrine. Use harvard referencing and write about 300 words Answer The doctrine of Mauritian law is derived from the colonial influence of French and British legal systems. The French colonisation of Mauritius, which lasted from 1715 to 1810, brought with it the French civil law system and Code Napoleon. This was followed by the British colonisation from 1810 to 1968, which introduced common law principles to the Mauritian legal system. Therefore, the foundation of the Mauritian legal system is heavily influenced by these two colonial powers. The main source of law in Mauritius is its Constitution, which came into effect in 1968 after gaining independence from British colonial rule. Article 3 of the Constitution states that “the Constitution is the supreme law of Mauritius and any other law shall, to the extent of its inconsistency, be void”. This demonstrates the supremacy of the Constitution over all other sources of law, including the doctrine of Mauritian law. In terms of the doctrine of Mauritian law, it is a combination of both French civil law and British common law. The Mauritian Civil Code is largely based on the French Civil Code, and it governs areas such as contracts, property, and inheritance. The British influence can be seen in the Mauritian Criminal Code and the country’s reliance on case law and precedents. However, despite the French and British influence, the Mauritian legal system has also been shaped by its own unique cultural, social, and economic factors. This is evident in the Mauritian Family Code, which takes into account the diverse cultural and religious backgrounds of the Mauritian people. Additionally, the country’s economic development has played a significant role in shaping its tax laws and commercial regulations. Apart from the Constitution, other sources of law that take precedence over the doctrine of Mauritian law include international treaties and conventions, as well as laws passed by the Parliament. The Mauritian legal system is based on the adversarial system, where courts can interpret and apply laws made by the legislature. Therefore, laws passed by Parliament have a higher precedence and can supersede the doctrine of Mauritian law in certain circumstances. In conclusion, the statement that the colonisations of our island by the French and British have shaped the Mauritian legal system is valid. The doctrine of Mauritian law is a combination of French civil law and British common law, but it has also been influenced by Mauritius’ unique cultural, social, and economic factors. Despite the colonial influence, the Mauritian Constitution, international treaties, and laws passed by Parliament take precedence over the doctrine of Mauritian law, demonstrating the country’s commitment to its own legal system.