Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) Status De Lege Lata And Postulates De Lege Ferenda

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) Status De Lege Lata And Postulates De Lege Ferenda Presented by: Prof. Dr. Kraljić Date: 21 March 2025 Sustainable Development Goals - No poverty - Zero hunger - Good health and well-being - Quality education - Gender equality - Clean water and sanitation - Affordable and clean energy - Decent work and economic growth - Industry, innovation and infrastructure - Reduced inequalities - Sustainable cities and communities - Responsible consumption and production - Climate action - Life below water - Life on land - Peace, justice and strong institutions - Partnerships for the goals - SDG are universal in nature - “Leave no one behind” as the central promise of 2030 Agenda - Just developing countries?? Leave No One Behind - Leave no one behind (LNOB) is the central promise of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its SDGs. - It represents the clear commitment of all UN Member States to eradicate poverty in all forms, end discrimination and exclusion, and reduce the inequalities and vulnerabilities that leave people behind and undermine the potential of individuals and of humanity as a whole. Definition - Reproductive health concerns the capability of individuals to reproduce and the freedom to make informed, free and responsible decisions about their reproductive behaviors and health. - It also includes the access to a range of reproductive health information (e. g., sexual education), goods, facilities and services. - Maternal Mortality (MMR - number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births) - Significant public concern in developing countries - Every day in 2020, almost 800 women died from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. - A maternal death occurred almost every two minutes in 2020. - Between 2000 and 2020, the MMR dropped by about 34% worldwide. - Almost 95% of all maternal deaths occurred in low and lower middle-income countries in 2020. - Care by skilled health professionals before, during and after childbirth can save the lives of women and newborns (WHO, 2024). - TARGET 3.1-by 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality rate to less than 70 per 100,000 live births. - Slovenia ? the three-year average maternal mortality rate in 2020 was 4.5 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Target 3.7.: Ensuring Universal Access To Sexual And Reproductive Health Care Services, Including Family Planning, Information, And Education, And The Integration Of Reproductive Health Into National Strategies And Programs - Slovenia: 2023 - Resolution on the National Program for Equal Opportunities for Women and Men 2023-2030: • Strengthening the implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of preventive health care programs, as well as ensuring access to health care, including sexual and reproductive health services, for women and girls from marginalized groups; - Problems: • Weak prevention particularly due to the shortage of gynecologists at the primary healthcare level • Girls and women from socioeconomically disadvantaged families are more vulnerable • Special attention must be given to access to basic necessities (e. G., introducing free menstrual hygiene products in public institutions helps prevent women's poverty and break taboos and stigmatization in the field of women's reproductive health); • Reproductive and sexual education Target 3.8.: Achieve Universal Health Coverage, Including Financial Risk Protection, Access To Quality Essential Healthcare Services, And Access To Safe, Effective, Quality, And Affordable Essential Medicines And Vaccines For All - Slovenia: Ongoing care for access to safe, effective, affordable, and acceptable family planning methods, including ensuring free contraception and the right to freely decide on childbearing within the framework of mandatory health insurance. - SLOVENIA 1: • Age restrictions?  (ECLI:SI: USRS:2021: Up.459.17, 17 October 2019) - SLOVENIA 2: • b) Also, single woman and same-sex couples  (ECLI:SI: USRS:2022: U.I.486.20, 8 July 2022) - By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births - Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) encompasses a variety of medical techniques designed to aid individuals and couples facing infertility. ART as SDG = YES - ART can also be linked to sustainable development, as access to ART can be seen and considered as part of achieving sustainability. Goal 2: End Hunger, Achieve Food Security And Improved Nutrition, And Promote Sustainable Agriculture - Target 2.2: By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, • Which includes addressing maternal and child nutrition • This has an indirect link to reproductive health, especially in ensuring healthy pregnancies and childbearing. Goal 6: Ensure Availability And Sustainable Management Of Water And Sanitation For All - Target 6.2: By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, with special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations. - Adequate sanitation is crucial to reproductive health, particularly during menstruation and childbirth. Goal 10: Reduce Inequality Within And Among Countries - Target 10.3: Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies, and practices. - This target relates to reproductive rights and equality in access to reproductive health services. Resume: - improving (availability, accessibility, acceptability, quality, equality) access to ART methods can be considered as one of important efforts to achieve SDG3; - But also other goals are very important to fulfil our SDG promise - “no one should be left behind”.