Online Misogyny from Indonesia Perspective

Online Misogyny from Indonesia Perspective Women's Emancipation - Culture shapes the society, including how they see the women and creates ethnicity's identity - 1340 ethnics in Indonesia - Javanese tribe: 1. Significant role of patriarchy 2. Household, education and social attitude 3. Unwritten rules of: "Cook, Reproduce, Make-up and Dress-up" - Reformation & progression: 1. Women's emancipation brought by RA Kartini 2. Standard of marriage 3. Misogyny is no longer attached to the tribes, but more of women behavior in the society. Key Issues 1. Prejudice on women roles in a family (career woman vs. housewife) 2. Identifying women as a sexual object 3. Media Framing of using sexist words to attract readers 4. Sexual Harassment and Exploitation 5. Gender-based domestic violence Misogyny In Indonesian Society Personal/Private Level 1. Gender-based violence targeting woman as the victim 2. Indonesian National Commission on Violence Against Women noted many victims experienced more than one form of violence in personal/private level. 3. Gender-Based Violence towards Women in 2021: a. Mental Violence (2008) = 44% b. Sexual Violence (1149) = 25% c. Physical Violence (900) = 20% d. Economic-based Violence (520) = 11% Public Level 1. Sexual violence, particularly woman as the victim took the first position with the number of cases in public domain were 459 cases in 2021: 359 cases of sexual harassment and 281 cases of obscenity 2. Places of Incidents of Sexual Violence Against Women in the Public Domain in 2021: a. Cyber (875) = 69% b. Residence (172) = 14% c. Workplace (114) = 9% d. Not Available (16) = 6% e. Public Places (76) = 1% f. Institution (12) = 1% g. Workplace Abroad (5) = 1% h. Medical Facility (3) = 1% Highlighted Cases  Herry Wirawan Case. Serial Child Rape in an Islamic institution by HW as a teacher towards 13 female students (14-20 years old) occurred in Bandung, Indonesia in 20162021. HW was convicted under the tough Child Protection Law that carries the death sentence for serial child rapists.  Arawinda case. Viral case on alleged infidelity of popular artist, throwing hatred & online bullying-labels as the "relationship destroyer" or "pelakor" - mostly gender associated (woman).  Ghofar Hilman case. Viral case on an Influencer who proved his masculinity by conquering nearly hundreds of women sexually. Cyber Misogyny 1. Online Harassment 2. Online Catcalling 3. Placing certain nickname toward a woman with the base of appearance, thoughts and choice 4. Standardizing certain actions and physical appearance for woman as a bare minimum 5. Spamming, Terror & Threat 6. Stereotyping of certain occupation and roles to be identical to women 7. Post Separation Abuse 8. Cyber Bullying Is Misogyny A Crime?  The ideas and concept itself have to be breakdown in certain actions to be identified as part of the violation against certain unlawful acts.  Misogyny is an identification towards certain acts that shape the hatred agains women.  Indonesian Laws prefer to regulate "certain actions" of misogyny as unlawful acts, Resemble the regulation as part of how government protects the society, in particular women.  Online Platform - Freedom Of Expression  Police Report Based On The Victim's Filing Complaint International Instruments Ratified by Indonesian Government. Women shall have the right to vote in all elections on the same terms as men, without any discrimination. 1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 2. Convention on the Political Rights of Women 1953 3. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 4. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children (supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime) 5. ILO Convention No. 111 Concerning Discrimination In Respect of Employment and Occupation 6. ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons Indonesian Instruments The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 28D Paragraph (1) and (2) Every person shall have the right of recognition, guarantees, protection and certainty before a just law, and of equal treatment before the law. Every person shall have the right to work and to receive fair and proper remuneration and treatment in employment. Article 28G Paragraph (1) Every person shall have the right to protection of his/herself, family, honor, dignity, and property, and shall have the right to feel secure against and receive protection from the threat of fear to do or not do something that is a human right. Article 281 Paragraph (2) Every person shall have the right to be free from discriminative treatment based upon any grounds whatsoever and shall have the right to protection from such discriminative treatment. Law 1 of 2023 Law 12 of 2022 Law 13 of 2003 Law 14 of 2008 Law 11 of 2008 Law 1 of 1974 Laws and Regulation Indonesian Criminal Code Sexual Violence Crime Employment as amended by Law No 11 of 2021 on Job Creation Pornography Electronic Information and Transactions Indonesian Constitutional Court of Justice Decision No. 22/PUU-XV/2017 The minimum age for marriage (all genders) is from 16 to 10 years old, similar to each other, differentiating the minimum age brings discrimination between the gender. Highlighted Rules In Relation To The Eradication Of Misogyny - 9 Types Of Sexual Violation (Under Law 12 Of 2022 On Sexual Violence Crime) 1. Non-Physical Sexual Harassment 2. Physical Sexual Harassment 3. Force on Contraception 4. Force on Sterilization 5. Force on Marriage 6. Sexual Abuse 7. Sexual Exploitation 8. Sexual slavery 9. Electronic-based Sexual Violence - Women Rights On Employment (Under Law 13 Of 2003 On Employment As Amended By Law 11 Of 2021 On Job Creation) 1. Women's rights on motherhood and labor 2. Menstrual leave 3. Prohibition on employing woman under 18 between 1pm to 7am 4. Company to provide secure and protected facilities & transport on employing pregnant employee and woman in the working hours - Online Platform Usage (Under Law 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Technology as amended by Law 11 of 2021 on Job Creation) 1. Disseminates information aimed at inflicting hatred or dissension on individuals and/or certain groups of community based on ethnic groups, religions, races, and inter groups (SARA). 2. Information distributed electronically containing:  Content that violates decency;  Charge of insult and/or defamation; and  Charge of extortion and/or threats. 3. Seek purpose of this law:  Carrying the use & share of IT safely to prevent any misuse by taking into account the religious and socio-cultural values of the Indonesian people. 4. "Principle of prudence" as a foundation on which the parties concerned must address themselves to any aspect with potential for causing damage to bot himself/herself and other party in the usage of Information Technology and Electronic Transactions. - Hate Speech (Under: Law 1 of 2023 on Indonesian Criminal Code and Law 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Technology as amended by Law 11 of 2021 on Job Creation) 1. Ethnic 2. GENDER 3. DISABILITY 4. GROUPS 5. RELIGION & BELIEF Art. 156 Art. 157 Art. 310 Art. 157 4 years imprisonment Declare hatred / denigrate ethnicity 2.5 years imprisonment Express hatred by writing/painting in public 1 year 4 months/9 months Deliberately attacking the imprisonment good name with accusations, both verbal and non-verbal 5 years imprisonment Deliberately showing hatred by racial and/or ethnic discrimination What Have Been Done In Indonesia? - More FOCUSED & SPECIFIC OF LAW & REGULATION ESTABLISHMENT  Implement new regulations specifically focused on sexual violence  Acknowledging electronic based sexual violence - Active Forum Group Discussion Engagement  FGD between institution to combat sexism ideas and misogyny in society, involving Broadcast Institution - Establishment Of Institution Specifically Focused On Women Protection  Indonesian National Commission on Violence against Women under the Indonesian Human Rights Institution  - Ministry of Woman Empowerment and Child Protection Active Campaign And Establishment On Non-Governmental Organization  Empowerment of Female Heads of Household  Women's Resource Development Center Recommendation In Relation To The Eradicating Misogyny Offline & Online Law 1. Women-friendly society and employment > Setting out more protection in the workplace to be performed by the company 2. More cooperative victim-based approach from the police institution 3. Capacity development for the Officers 4. Eliminating restorative justice and criminalization against the victim Redesign Public And Online Space 1. Government should surveil more of spreading misogyny ideology on an online platform 2. The manual is not catching up with the fast spreading of the online 3. Should utilize technology to combat Online misogyny Safe Leading Media 1. Mass media utilization to social control 2. Journalism 3. Encouraging journalism to provide not only information to share but more analysis to be more critical towards the society's occurrence Campaign To An Equal Society 1. Using the research outcome to analyze the factors driving the misogyny and work on the legislation to accommodate the problem Supportive Access 1. One dial for any sexual harassment report 2. Provide free support to the victim who experienced online hatred and prejudice for psychological counselling Safe & Comfort Workplace 1. Utilizing online platform to report 2. Establishing credit scoring in the workplace as the standard and the requirement in the company's compliance that protects women's employee 3. In this way, the employer could support the protection against women and eradicate misogyny in the workplace 4. Companies act on the financial consideration to accept married female employees as the consideration in hiring