Bacteria & Mold Chart

Clostridium difficile: Physical Characteris.cs Cellular Respira.on Transmission Reservoir Virulence & Pathogenesis Treatments Gram (+) bacillus • Nosocomial infec*ons Strict Anarobe Fecal-Oral n/a Endospores and exotoxins: cytotoxin • TcdA – “Toxin A” • TcdB – “Toxin B” • CDT – Binary toxin An*bio*cs probio*cs and fecal transplants Disease & Syndromes: • • • • • • • Dehydra*on An*bio*c Associated Diarrhea (AAD) – Least Severe An*bio*c Associated Coli*s (AAC) Clostridium difficile Associated Diarrhea (CDAD) Pseudofomembraneous coli*s (PMC) o Stomach lining is covered in pus and cannot absorb nutrients which leads to tons of diarrhea. Toxic Mega Colon Death – Most Severe Listeria monocytogenes: Physical Characteris.cs Cellular Respira.on Transmission Reservoir Virulence & Pathogenesis Treatments Gram (+) bacillus • Psychotrophs • Very adaptable in terms of environments Faculta*ve Anaerobe Fecal-Oral and contaminated food (le1uce) Soil reservoir and animal reservoir (animals’ intes*ne) Intra and extracellular growth: • Invasion of gastric epithelial cells • Grows in macrophages An*bio*cs – no vaccines present Diseases & Syndromes: Animals CNS infec*on in goats and ca1le (“circling disease”) Sep*c abor*on Humans Food borne disease, CNS infec*ons, and death Spontaneous abor*on Neisseria meningi6dis: Physical Characteris.cs Cellular Respira.on Transmission Reservoir Virulence & Pathogenesis Treatments Gram (-) diplococcus w/ a capsule • Infects the CSF to cause meningi*s • 6 serotypes Faculta*ve Anaerobe Droplets n/a – only transmi1ed via humans A1aches to epithelial cells • Endotoxin (Lipid A) An*bio*cs and vaccines (3) Type of Disease Meningococcal Meningi>s Meningococcal Sepsis Inflamma*on/infec*on of the meninges Replica*on of bacteria in the bloodstream Disease Manifesta>on Increased pressure to the brain and influx of white blood cells to CSF Intravascular coagula*on (clo\ng) – prevents blood flow and amputa*on may be needed Prognosis Death if untreated • If treated early, pa*ent has a very good prognosis Death in untreated or if treated too late • Infec*on occurs quickly Symptoms Headache, s*ff neck, photosensi*vity, nausea, sore throat, petechia*, coma, death Fever, petechiae/purpura*, shock, hemorrhage, DIC – internal organ meltdown and eventual death. o Disseminated Intravascular Coagula>on (DIC): Blood clots block blood flow into major organs and lead to organ failure Vaccine Types: Polysaccharide Conjugated Type B Vaccine Prion Diseases: • • • • BSE – Mad Cow CWD – Scrapie in Sheep Kuru – Cannibalis4c tribe in Guinea CJD, vCJD in humans An*bodies made to sugar capsule Sugar capsule + protein • Good for children and immunocompromised pa*ents An*bodies made to cell wall Mold Infec:ons Histoplasma Capsulatum Blastomyces Derma33s Coccidioides Immi3s Sporothrix Dimorphic fungi • Causes “Spelunkers Disease” Dimorphic fungi Dimorphic fungi • Causes “Valley Fever” Dimorphic • Causes “Rose Gardner’s Disease Candida albicans • Opportunis*c pathogens – AAach to epithelial cells as yeast but invade via Pseudohypahe Cryptococcus neoformans • Opportunis*c pathogen – primary affects immunosuppressed paHents • • Cause “thrush” in newborns, Volvovaginal infecHons, and infecHons in those who have been treated with board spectrum anHbioHcs. Vaginal yeast infec*ons • Can cause meningi*s • Polysaccharide capsule • Carried in pigeon poop Saccharomyces • Non-pathogenic • Yeast that we bake and ferment with Aspergillus Niger • Mold • Infects immunocompromised paHents and those with lung problems