Unit 1: Lesson 1 Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 1: Lesson 1 Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology Rachel Perry, MN RN NURS 106 What is ANATOMY? •The study of internal and external structures within the body What are the levels of structural organization for anatomy in decreasing order: Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism level intro to anatomy and physiology flashcards anatomy and physiology extra flashcards organs in each body system •Remember: the terms left and right refer to the left and right of the subject, not the observer. Anatomical Regions On goodnotes there is a diagram quiz •What structures lie within the RUQ of the abdomen? right portion of the liver, gallbladder, right kidney, a small portion of the stomach, portions of the ascending and transverse colon, and parts of the small intestine organs under abdominopelvic regions anatomical landmarks anterior and posterior Anatomical Regions CONT •What structures lie within the epigastric region? Hypogastric region? Small intestine, appendix, urinary bladder Sectional Anatomy sectional anatomy Body Cavities •True body cavities are closed, fluid-filled, and lined with serosa (a serous membrane) •Functions of body cavities: - To protect organs from shock/impact To permit changes in size or shape of internal organs What is viscera? The internal organs inside the cavity •Dorsal body cavity •Ventral body cavity (Coelom) ❖ ❖ - Thoracic cavity (superior to the diaphragm) Right & Left Pleural Cavities Mediastinum Pericardial cavity Abdominopelvic cavity (inferior to the diaphragm) Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity Picture quiz on goodnotes Clinical Application •Imaging Techniques (just need to know examples not what they do) - X-Rays Computed Tomography (CT) Scans Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Ultrasound What is Homeostasis? •Refers to the ability of a cell or organism to regulate its internal conditions. •Essential for survival •Mechanisms of homeostasis: - What is autoregulation? Local change for local response (local system) - What is extrinsic regulation? Calls on other systems to maintain homeostasis (ex: endocrine system) What does the Feedback Systems / Feedback Loops do? •Where the response to a change “feeds back” to influence the receptor (input portion of the feedback pathway). •Circular situation involving continuous monitoring •Includes What are the 2 main ones?: - Negative Feedback Positive Feedback Feed-forward What is Negative Feedback Systems •Primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation •Counteracts change in order to promote stability •What are the Components of negative feedback system: - A regulated variable A stressor or change A receptor (sensor) Control center An effector (components that bring about desired response) •Example: Thermoregulation - See Figure 1-9 (textbook) What is a Positive Feedback System? •The response is to reinforce the initiating stimulus •Amplifies the original change rather than opposing it Remember: •Any adjustments made in one physiological system will have direct or indirect effects on other systems. External resources: - body planes and sections - abdominal regions - anatomical position and directions - body cavities and membranes - homeostasis and neg/pos feedback Readings: - Chapter 1 (pp. 1-15, 18-25) Mastering AP: - Dynamic study modules - Practice questions (go to chapter, practice tests) - Questions in the textbook Can also draw (or make mind map) Look at registerednursern questions anatomical body sections and planes quiz regional terms quiz abdominal regions and quadrants quiz body cavities and membranes quiz