Full Drug Table

Drug Tables January 30, 2024 2:47 PM Generic (Brand) Drug Class (described MOA) PKPD Toxidrome Application Dosage and Administration Acetaminophen, APAP Antipyretic A Cmax 30-60min Fever and pain reduction PO (preferred) (Tylenol) Analgesic D 20% PPB – well distributed Abdominal pain Diaphoresis Loss of appetite Nausea/Vomiting Somnolence Excellent PO bioavailability: 70-90% 90min after ingestion **one of the most common toxicities NON-opioid centrally acting agent used in q4h (fever) OR q6h analgesia Rectal - INCONSISTENT Give in place of ASA to children Bioavailability rectal: 50% 3hrs after administration M Metabolism by P450 system results in hepatotoxic substance NAPQI Conjugation (NOT P450 metabolism) results in NONtoxic substances Phase I: Metabolized by enzymes 1A2 and 3A4 Phase II: Glutathione enzyme metabolism E Strongly adsorbed by activated charcoal T1/2 = 2 to 3 hrs LOW PG inhibition (=NOT anti-inflammatory) Activated charcoal Many surface carbons that bind to substances to facilitate adsorption Increasing elimination in GI tract Eliminated via stool 0.5-2g/kg (max. 100g)Enterally through NJ tube PO (only if substance is overdosed in GI tract; at min. 24hrs post ingestion) Strongly adsorbed: Acetaminophen, ASA, Benzodiazepines POORLY adsorbed: cyanide, ETOH, Ethylene Glycol, Iron, Isopronanol, Lithium, Methanol, Strong Mineral Alkali and Acids Acyclovir Adalimumab Biologic (Response Modifying Agent) Adenosine Amoxicillin Herpes Topical, PO, IV 1st choice treatment for otitis media (caused by S. Pneumoniae) PO Inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins and integrins) Endogenous substance naturally causing decreased HR and BP Penicillin Narrow to/and broad spectrum Antibiotic Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor Bacteriocidal Allergenic Can have cross run with cephalosporins Efficacy against G+ and G- bacteria Beta-lactam Other penicillin uses: - GI infection - Endocarditis - Sore throat - Otitis media Amphotericin Polyene antifungal Increase cell membrane permeability Aspirin, ASA NSAID Absorbed via stomach mucosa Antiplatelet (Low dose antithrombotic) Strongly adsorbed by activated charcoal NON-selective COX inhibitor IV Confusion Diaphoresis Hyperthermia Tachycardia Tachypnea Vomiting Cardiovascular treatment Dosage calculated per kg for adults PO **one of the most common toxicities Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) 5-ASA HIV Salicylate, Aspirin-like NSAID Local NSAID effect (Asacol, Mesalamine, Teva) Active metabolite of Sulfasalazine alongside Sulfapyridine High clinical efficacy especially in UC PO, ER tablets Rectal Clinical efficacy; especially with Ulcerative Colitis Atropine Anti-cholinergic (prototype drug) Azithromycin Antibiotic (protein synthesis inhibitor) Community acquired adult pneumonia Other infections (ex. Gonorrhoea) PO, IV (Zithromax) Macrolide Bacitracin Cell-wall synthesis inhibitor Efficacy against G+ AND G- Bactine = Benzalconium + Bacitracin-like drug Lidocaine Efficacy against G+ AND G- bacteria Conjunctivitis Prophylaxis Skin/soft tissue lacerations Beclomethasone (Qvar) Glucocorticoid Bethanecol (Duvoid) Cholinergic (muscarinic) agonist (prototype drug) Stimulate muscarinic receptors Bifonazole (Canesten) Azole antifungal Increase cell membrane permeability Budenoside Glucocorticoid Topical Opthalmic Ear preparation 1st line asthma maintenance treatment Conjunctivitis Prophylaxis Skin and soft tissue lacerations Topical (Skin, Ophthalmic, Ear preparations) Allergic rhinitis treatment 1st line asthma maintenance treatment (Rhinocort, Pulmicort) Buprenorphine Opioid PARTIAL agonist Lower efficacy than morphine Caffeine CNS stimulant Absorbed via stomach mucosa PO Inverse agonist of adenosine Increased HR, sweating and anxiety once bound to receptors Adenosine receptors High affinity for alpha and beta receptors of the NS but Adenosine receptors are PRIMARY Calcium Carbonate (Tums, Rolaids) Cannabidiol Antacids Component of cannabis edibles alongside THC Alkaline agents that neutralize acid/pH in stomach Heart burn Monitor for: • Pain • Reflux • Renal function • Constipation • Diarrhea • Nutrition • Drug-drug interactions Occasional dietary relief Administer 2hrs pre or post other medications Post surgical treatment Short term symptom relief for higher acidity Bind to cannabis receptors NO psychoactive effects Calming effects Cannabis (edibles = THC + CBD) Tested through urine toxicology and serum level tests in case of OD HIGH therapeutic index for adults (toxicity in adults is uncommon=drug is safer) Acute psychosis PO (MORE likely OD) LOC changes Inhalation (LESS likely OD—> immediate action, higher potency) Motor impairement Sensory alterations Seizures Vital sign changes (tachycardia, hypotension) Respiratory depression Cefazolin (Ancef) Cephalosporin Beta-lactam Antibiotic Bacterial cell walls synthesis inhibitor 1st choice for skin infections IV Efficiency agains G+ and G1 5 generations total Ceftaroline Higher generation Cephalosporin Beta-lactam Antibiotic Serious infections (ex. Bacterial meningitis, aspiration pneumonia) Ceftazidime Higher generation Cephalosporin Beta-lactam Antibiotic Serious infections (ex. Bacterial meningitis, aspiration pneumonia) Ceftriaxone Higher Generation Cephalosporin Beta-lactam Antibiotic Serious infections (ex. Bacterial meningitis, aspiration pneumonia) Cefuroxime Cephalosporin Beta-lactam Antibiotic Bacterial cell walls synthesis inhibitor Celecoxib NSAID, COX-2 inhibitor Prescription only (except topical creams) CephalexIn (Keflex) Cephalosporin Beta-lactam Antibiotic Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor Cetirizine 2nd Gen Antihistamine Fast acting Onset: 10-20min Known allergen, systemic exposure presence (non drowsy preferred) Duration: 24hrs Decrease inflammation symptoms PO NOT 1st line therapy (Cerebrex) (Reactine) PO 1 fast-melt tb qd, PO NON-sedating Chloramphenicol Antibiotic Protein synthesis inhibitor Can be inactivated by acetyltransferase Chlorpheniramine 1st Gen Antihistamine Ciprofloxacin Floroquinolone (Nucleic acid inhibitor) UTI and GI infections (esp. against E. coli, Klebsiella) Clarithromycin Antibiotic (protein synthesis inhibitor) Community acquired adult pneumonia Other infections (ex. Gonorrhoea) (Biaxin) Drowsy/Sedating Decrease inflammation symptoms PO, IV Macrolide Clavulanic Acid Beta lactamase inhibitor Antibiotic Clindamycin Lincosamide (protein synthesis inhibitor) Co-amoxiclav (augmentin) = amoxicillin + clavulanic acid Penicillin + Beta lactamase inhibitor Surgical prophylaxis (esp. patients with allergies) Anti microbial combination Cocaine Dopaminergic catecholamine stimulant SNS stimulation direct CNS effect via intranasal route (diffusion across mucosa and distribution along CNS nerve network) Agitation/tremors Diaphoresis Tachycardia Tachypnea Pupillary dilation Intranasal Inhalation **one of the most common toxicities Codeine Opioid prodrug Antitussive Metabolized by enzymes 2D6 and 3A4 NO CODEINE FOR KIDS: changes microsomal enzyme count Apnea/bradypnea Bradycardia Coma/somnolence Pupils constricted NO CODEINE FOR KIDS (changes microsomes enzyme number) PO (often prescribed orally to be activated in liver) Inactive prodrug prescribed orally to be activated by liver 1st choice opioid antitussive - CNS d’expression of cough reflex Cortisone (Cortisol) Glucocorticoid Co-ticarclav (timentin) = ticarcillin + clavulanic acid Penicillin + beta lactamase inhibitor Antimicrobial combination Cranberries (Not a drug but may have therapeutic effects) Cromolyn INACTIVE topically Mast cell stabilizer Components - Antioxidants (vitamin C, flavonoids) - Fructose - Organic acids (including salicylate) - Water (88%) Prevents adhesion of E. coli to host by binding to Fimbrial tips Inhibit histamine release from mast cells 2nd line asthma maintenance treatment Prophylaxis in high amounts: prevention of UTIs (+ kidney and bladder infections) Inhaler 3-4 qd Slow onset of action Synergy with glucocorticoids Desloratadine (Aerius) 2nd Gen. Antihistamine Fast acting Decrease inflammation symptoms NON-sedating Dexamethasone Glucocorticoid Anaphylaxis Meningitis Dextromethorphan (Benylin) Combination drug Antitussive Diclofenac Glucocorticoid, NSAID, NON- Ibuprofen-like drug selective COX inhibitor Contains active ingredient: chlorpheniramine (2nd gen antihistamine) IV Infection symptom relief CNS depression of cough reflex Topical (Voltaren) Dicyclomine Muscarinic antagonist Relaxed smooth muscle GI effects treatment (Bentyl) Digoxin/Digitalis Narrow TI medication (Lanoxin) Diphenhydramine 1st Gen. Antihistamine (Allerdryl, Benadryl) Drowsy/Sedating Local allergy, contact dermatitis Anti inflammatory Localized urticaria, no vasoconstriction Topical (cream) Decrease inflammation symptoms Doxycycline Antibiotic Severe effects: bone deformation Skin infections, acne Tetracycline (protein synthesis inhibitor) Prophylaxis (for malaria for example) Spectrum: G- and G+ bacteria Echinacea Immune modulation Enhancement of phagocytosis ETOH (Alcohol) Absorbed via stomach mucosa Low body temp. Inhibition of ADH (can lead to diuresis) Slow/irregular breathing CNS effects proportionate to dose Treatment modality for infection: Prophylactic, decreases severity, enhances immune function Coma (unconsciousness and can’t be woke up) PO Hypothermia (Low body temp.) Seizures Tolerance from chronic usage (and vitamin B depletion) Unconscious (not rousable) Metabolized in liver by alcohol dehydrogenase Respiratory depression (slow or irregular breathing) Seizure Vomiting Initially: elevation in mood and hyperactivity Later: decrease in glutamate, increase in GABA **one of the most common toxicities Extreme: alcohol induced coma Ephedrine Adrenergic agonist aka decongestant Vasoconstriction —> decrease nasal secretions Infection symptom relief Epinephrine Sympathomimetic Potent Asthma rescue, goal: bronchodilation Short 1/2 life (duration) Decreases inflammation IM, IV, Endotracheally Decreased mast cell degranulation Vasoconstriction (perfusion) SNS stimulation (life saving system) NON-selective agonist (alpha AND beta receptors) Erythromycin Antibiotic (protein synthesis Negatively affected by receptor site alteration inhibitor) (biochemical run used by bacteria for resistance) Community acquired adult pneumonia Other infections (ex. Gonorrhoea) PO, IV Macrolide Fentanyl High efficacy opioid Fexofenadine 2nd Gen. Antihistamine (Allegra) Fast acting Decrease inflammation symptoms NON-sedating Flagyl 1st choice treatment for C. Difficile infection Fluconazole Azole antifungal Increase cell membrane permeability Fluticasone glucocorticoid Local effects Allergic rhinitis treatment 1st line asthma maintenance treatment Furosemide NSAID Loopdiuretc Urine stimulation Formoterol (Oxeze) Beta 2 adrenergic agonist (pharmacological) Stimulate SNS Asthma rescue drug PO (Flonase, Avamys, Flovent) Nebulizer Fast acting Potent Stimulate B2 receptors directly Vasoconstriction —> decrease nasal secretions Gentamicin Aminoglycoside (protein synthesis inhibitor) Can be inactivated by kinase Higher risk infections Unique Aminoglycoside that penetrates the BBB Antibiotic Potent Narrow TI Severe effects: cytotoxic Ginseng (ColdFX) Immune modulation Slight anti inflammatory Treatment modality for infection: Prophylactic, decreases severity, enhances immune function (Gravol) Anti nausea Hydrocortisone Glucocorticoid Ibuprofen NSAID, NON-selective COX inhibitor Active metabolite of cortisone Contraindicated in pregnancy (Advil, Easofen, Calgel, Galpharm, Motrin, Nurofen, Omafen) Advil: 200-400mg q4h Q6h, PO leapfrogging with glucocorticoids Imipenem Carbapenem Broad spectrum antibiotics Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Indomethacin NSAID 20X ASA potency NOT 1st line therapy Severe and mixed infections IV (ONLY) Diabetes: decrease blood glucose concentration SC NON-sélective COX inhibitor Ibuprofen-like drug Prescription only Infliximab Biologic (Response Modifying Agent) Insulin Inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins and integrins) Decreases blood glucose concentration • Upper, outer thigh and arm • Abdomen • buttocks 1. Insulin binds to TRANSmembrane receptors 2. Stimulates the transmembrane enzyme Tyrosine Kinase 3. Tyrosine binds to INTRAcellular enzymes 4. Activates glucose channels and glucose enters cells reuptake Ipratropium Anticholinergic (Atrovent) Antagonize PNS to allow SNS Nebulizer Slow onset of action Synergy (used with glucocorticoids or antihistamines as they’re ineffective on own) Less potent than B2adrenergic agonists Isotonitazene High efficacy opioid MORE potent than derivatives of fentanyl; minute Apnea/bradypnea amount can cause OD Bradycardia Coma/somnolence Extremely potent street drug Pupils constricted **one of the most common toxicities Isoniazid (INH) Antibiotic (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor) Isotretinoin Retinoid (vitamin A derivative) (Accutane) TB treatment Increases epidermal regeneration Acne vulgaris - Females must take with birth control or practice abstinence Decreases sebum production Requires blood work monitoring Contraindicated in pregnancy (systemic Retinoid) - Pregnancy Category X Treatment of chronic pain Ketamine NMDA antagonist Downing effects (opposes excitatory effects of glutamate) Ketonazole Azole antifungal Increase cell membrane permeability Ketorolac NSAID, NON-sélective COX inhibitor Ibuprofen-like drug Probiotic Secretes toxic hydrogen peroxide to destroy bad bacteria PO (Toradol) Lactobacillus Acidophilus (BioK+) Diminished host flora (the probiotic increases numbers) Restores and protects normal flora - Contains 25 to 50 billion bacteria per tablet = high doses of microflora Lamisil (Terbinafine) Allylamine antifungal Levofloxacin Floroquinolone (Nucleic acid inhibitor) Increase cell membrane permeability Topical, PO UTI and GI infections (esp. against E. coli, Klebsiella) Antibiotic Undergoes extensive 1st pass metabolism Lidocaine Numbing Binds to ion channels: 1. Closes channel 2. No action potential 3. No cellular depolarization 4. No pain transduction or sensation Lincomycin Lincosamide (protein synthesis inhibitor) Loratadine (Claritin) 2nd Gen. Antihistamine Surgical prophylaxis (esp. patients with allergies) Fast acting Decrease inflammation symptoms NON-sedating Magnesium sulfate Electrolyte Bronchodilation (inhibition of Ca2+ influx —> reduced cellular activity) IV Enzymatic activator Stabilize mast and T cells Calcium channel blocker Enhanced release of NO (risk of hypotension) Menthol Analgesic Vasodilation —> cooling and calming effect Meperidine High efficacy opioid Pain reduction Infection symptom relief pain (Demerol) Meropenem Carbapenem Board spectrum antibiotic Metadoxine Cell wall synthesis inhibitor NOT 1st line therapy Serious and mixed infection IV (ONLY) Induces alcohol dehydrogenase functions Alcohol OD IV with fluids Enhances metabolism (faster clearance) Methotrexate Biologic (DMARD) Enhance anti-inflammatory mediators (Adenosine) Methylprednisone Glucocorticoid Anti inflammatory (systemic) Metronidazole (Flagyl) Nitromidazole Parentéral, SC 1st choice treatment for C. Difficile infection Antibiotic PO H. Pylori Prophylaxis (ex. Dental) Midazolam Benzodiazepine Sedative Minocycline Antibiotic Does NOT affect bone growth (unlike doxycycline and tetracycline) Tetracycline (protein synthesis inhibitor) Skin infections, acne Spectrum: G- and G+ bacteria PRIMARY CHOICE FOR ACNE Mometasone Glucocorticoid Allergic rhinitis treatment (Nasonex) Morphine High efficacy opioid AGONIST Common opioid side effect: pruritus 5-10mg q4h IV Up to 30mg q4h PO Analgesic Montelukast Leukotreine Modifier (Singulair) Block leukotreine receptors 2nd line asthma maintenance treatment Modify inflammatory response (prophylaxis) Prophylaxis (begin treatment PRIOR exposure) PO, 1tb x 2 days pre exposure Systemic effects Allergies Synergy with glucocorticoids Ideal for SHORT exposure Anticipated allergen exposure in HIGH dosages N-acetyl cysteine, NAC By-product of glutathione that replenishes it and induces its metabolic effects Acetaminophen OD *can be administered PO regardless of confirmation IV indirectly clears the system of NAPBQI Naloxone (Narcan) PURE antagonist of opioids (simply blocks a receptor with no effects) Stronger affinity for opioid receptors; knocks opioids off Opioid OD (CAN be administered without confirmation) IM Onset of action: 2-4min Duration: 30-90min (avg. 45min) Allow OD patient to breathe for short period Naproxen NSAID, NON-selective COX inhibitor Ibuprofen-like drug Antibiotic Potent Aminoglycoside (protein synthesis inhibitor) Narrow TI (Aleve, Naprosyn) Neomycin Higher risk infections Severe effects: cytotoxic Nicotine Nicotinic agonist Nitric Oxide Norfloxacin Stimulate nicotine receptors Endogenous vasodilator Floroquinolone (Nucleic acid inhibitor) UTI and GI infections (esp. against E. coli, Klebsiella) Antibiotic Nystatin Polyene antifungal Increase cell membrane permeability Olopatadine 2nd Gen. Antihistamine Fast acting Eye symptoms (itchiness), post exposure NON-sedating Decrease inflammation symptoms High IgE affinity (less antigen binding and degranulation) Prevents asthma exacerbations, reduced symptoms, mediates (Patanol) Omalizumab Biologic/Monoclonal antibody Topical, PO Topical, eye drops Parenterally, SC (Xolair) Long term treatment plan Omega 3 Fatty Acids Biologic Inhibit arachidonic acid conversion Ondansetron Nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Oxycodone Targets surface adhesion protein on the virus that enables it to get to the host cell Moderate efficacy opioid Apnea/Bradypnea Bradycardia Coma/Somnolence Pupils constricted (OxyNeo) Pen G Penicillin Narrow to/and broad spectrum Antibiotic Influenza antiviral - prophylaxis + decrease duration of action Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor Bacteriocidal Allergenic Can have cross run with cephalosporins Streptococci respiratory infection Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor Bacteriocidal Allergenic Can have cross run with cephalosporins 1st choice treatment for pharyngitis (caused by S. Pyogenes) Efficacy against G+ AND G- bacteria Other penicillin uses: - GI infection - Endocarditis - Sore throat - Otitis media Beta-lactam Pen V Penicillin Narrow to/and broad spectrum Antibiotic PO, pill PO Efficacy against G+ AND G- bacteria Beta-lactam Other penicillin uses: - GI infection - Endocarditis - Sore throat - Otitis media Phenobarbital Causes liver to synthesize more microsomal enzymes (enzyme induction) Phenytoin Narrow TI medication (Dilantin) Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Pip-taz, Tazocin) Penicillin + beta lactamase inhibitor Potent Serious infections IV Polysporin = Bacitracin + Polymyxin Bacitracin-like drug Efficacy against G+ and G- Prophylaxis to prevent infection Cojunctivitis Skin/soft tissue lacerations Topical Opthalmic Ear preparations Prednisone Glucocorticoid PRODRUG Metabolized into prednisolone Prednisolone Active metabolite of prednisone glucocorticoid Propranolol Beta Blocker Heart medication Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) Adrenergic agonist aka decongestant Vasoconstriction —> decrease nasal secretions Relieve infection symptoms Salbutamol/Albuterol Beta 2 adrenergic agonist (pharmacological) Stimulate SNS Asthma rescue drug of choice Nebulizer Increases epidermal regeneration Acne vulgaris Topical, cream Decreases sebum production CONTRAindicated in pregnancy (even though it’s systemic effect is minimal) (Ventolin) Fast acting Potent Stimulate B2 receptors directly High affinity Vasoconstriction —> decrease nasal secretions Retain-A Retinoid (vitamin A drug derivative) Local effect at reticular layer of dermis with low systemic effect Rifampin Antibiotic (Nucleic acid inhibitor) TB treatment Sodium Bicarbonte, HCO3 Buffer Streptomycin Alkalinzation of urine in ASA OD Aminoglycoside (protein synthesis inhibitor) Can be inactivated by kinase 100-150mEq IV Higher risk infections Potent Antibiotic Narrow TI M… Sulfanilamide Severe effects: cytotoxic Sulfonamide (Nucleic acid synthesis + metabolic inhibitor) Inhibits cellular function Clinical efficacy with UTIs Chance of allergic rxn Antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole Sulfonamide (Nucleic acid synthesis + metabolic inhibitor) Inhibits cellular function Clinical efficacy with UTIs Chance of allergic rxn Antibiotic Sulfapyridine Sulfonamide (Nucleic acid synthesis + metabolic inhibitor) Systemic ADME anti-inflammatory effect Antibiotic Active metabolite of Sulfasalazine alongside 5-ASA Clinical efficacy with UTIs Inhibits cellular function Chance of allergic rxn Sulfasalazine DMARD Active metabolites: 5-ASA, Sulfapyridine IBD treatment PO (Azulfidine, Salazopyrine) Tacrolimus Narrow TI medication (Astagraf, Prograf) Tetracycline Tetracycline Negatively affected by decreased drug uptake Antibiotic (protein synthesis (biochemical run used by bacteria for resistance) inhibitor) Skin infections, acne Instant bite diseases (ex. Lime disease) Spectrum: G- and G+ Tetrahydrocannabinol, THC Component of cannabis edibles alongside CBD Bind to cannabis receptors Psychoactive effects Cause agitation Enhance activity Lower TI than CBD; therefore primarily responsible for CNS and vital sign instability Tazobactam Beta lactamase inhibitor Antibiotic Tobramycin Antibiotic Potent Aminoglycoside (protein synthesis inhibitor) Narrow TI Bacterial conjunctivitis (high efficacy) NOT used for higher risk infections (unlike other aminoglycosides) Severe effects: cytotoxic Triaminic Combination drug Tripmethoprim Anti-biotic Anti-metabolite T-sulfamethoxazole/Cotrimoxazole/TMP/SMX (Bactrim, Septra) = Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole Sulfonamide (Nucleic acid synthesis + metabolic inhibitor) Inhibits cellular function Ustekinumab Biologic (Response Modifying Agent) Supportive combo drug for infection Clinical efficacy with UTIs Chance of allergic rxn Antibiotic Inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins and integrins) Valacyclovir Vancomycin Topical, PO, IV Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 1st choice treatment for MRSA Glycopeptide 2nd choice treatment for C. Difficile infection Warfarin Absorbed via stomach acid Atrial defibrillation (Coumadin) ` Narrow TI medication Oral anticoagulant Xanax Topical, eye drops Benzodiazepine Zanamivir (Ralenza) PO Sedative Hypnotic Targets surface adhesion protein on virus that enables it to get into host cell Influenza antiviral - prophylaxis + decrease duration of action Glucocorticoid = corticosteroids PG = prostaglandin MOA = mechanism of action Nucleic acid, cell wall synthesis, and metabolic inhibitors are drug CATEGORIES, not classes although they are listed in that column Viox = drug removed form market due to cardiovascular warnings = cox 2 inhibitor Carbapenems, cephalosporins, and penicillins are beta lactam antibiotics Drugs that go through Drugs absorbed in st extensive 1 pass metabolism: stomach mucosa: ETOH (alcohol) Diazepam (valium) Lidocaine: numbing Morphine: opioid Meperidine (Demerol): opioid Midazolam: benzodiazepine Propranolol: beta blocker, heart medication Vaccination Narrow TI medications: Aspirin, ASA ETOH (alcohol) Caffeine Phenytoin (Dilantin) Warfarin (Coumadin) Digoxin (lanoxin) Phenytoin (dilantin) Warfarin (coumadin) Tacrolimus (Prograf, Astagraf) Protection against… Pneumococcal (Streptococcus) Vaccine S. pneumoniae causes otitis media Extensively bound drugs: Common Toxicities Drugs of Choice for NON accidental OD Digitoxin: cardiovascular Furosemide: NSAID, loop diuretic Warfarin (coumadin): oral anticoagulant, atrial defibrillation NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Naproxen): anti-inflammatory Acetaminophen (Tylenol) ASA, Aspirin Benzodiazepines Cocaine ETOH (Alcohol) Opioids (Fentanyl, Isotonitazene, Oxycodone/OxyNeo) Other (ex. Antidepressants) ASA Acetaminophen