Week 8 Focus: Professional Identity - History

Week 8 Focus: Professional Identity - History Critical thinking question: How does nursing history, particularly gendered ideas of nursing, influence nursing today? ● Men could not become nurses until after WWII ● Men in power did not want to see men in nursing – not females ● Governments and hospital administrators did not want men to join the profession as it would have had to increase salaries 1. I can describe how nursing was established in Canada, including nursing roles in colonization ● Indigenous people used medical herbs (properties of plants) ● Indigenous nursing - holistic approach ● Vitamin C – from pine needles/sap ● Hotel Dieu of Quebec- Augustian Sisters (health promotion) ● Nurses in the 1600s – all there are are plants to help people – no physicians ● Jeanna Mance went to France to meet the financial need of Ville-Marie 2. I can explain the relationship between Victorian notions of womanhood and who was allowed to become a nurse (and on what terms). - Married women or woman with children has to quit nursing - Social order – taking care of people was a female task (that’s why men were not in nursing until after the war) - Invention of modern nurse - influence of reforms promoted by Florence Nightingale & others – efforts to separate health care from religion & church - efforts to make nursing a ‘respectable’ occupation for non-religious women - beginning of a new alignment of health with science (rather than ‘morality’) - Nursing was “naturally” women's work, but they needed a basic understanding of the body 3. I can describe how the changes in the status of women in Canadian society influenced changes in nursing education. ● In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as women entered the workforce nursing education began to evolve ● Emphasis on female purity and morality in nursing education gradually relaxed, and women's increasing rights translated into more educational opportunities ● This shift led to diversification in nursing roles, greater access to higher education for women, a move toward evidence-based practice, and increased gender equality in nursing ● No more sandwich programs – nursing students only went to hospitals for clinicals 4. I can describe persistent issues – positive and negative - related to the social image of nursing, and how nurses and nursing organizations are trying to change this. ● Graduate nurses Act- create Alberta Association of Registered Nurses ● Gender- men can also be nurses ● Societal views (eg. doctors are males and nurses are females) Reading: The powerpoints by Dr Paul & Spiers, the 4 chapters recommended by Dr Paul: Week 7 Focus: Critical Thinking and Clinical Judgment Critical thinking question: How and why is critical thinking an essential characteristic of a nurse? 1. I can identify and describe the phases of the nursing process. - A- assessing – identity patients' health needs and collect data about their condition - D- diagnosing – identify any real or potential health problems that the patient is experiencing or may possibly experience - P- planning – develop a nursing plan of care, which outlines the actions that will be taken to meet the needs identified to achieve the desired patient outcomes - I- implementing – carry out the plan of care and monitor patients' progress - E- evaluation – carry out the plan of care was successful. If necessary, the process is then repeated until the patient is discharged or until they reach all their health care goals 2. I can explain the relationship between the nursing process and clinical judgement. The 6 cognitive functions of clinical judgement: 1. Recognize cues (assessment): the filtering of information from different sources 2. Analyze cues (analysis): the linking of recognized cues to the client’s clinical presentation and establishing probable client needs, concerns, and problems 3. Prioritize hypotheses (analysis): establishing priorities of care based on the client’s health problems 4. Generate solutions (planning): identifying expected outcomes and related nursing interventions to ensure a client’s needs are met 5. Take actions (implementation): to implement appropriate interventions based on nursing knowledge, priorities of care, and planned outcomes to promote, maintain, or restore a client’s health 6. Evaluate outcomes (evaluation): to evaluate a client’s response to nursing interventions and reach a nursing judgment regarding the extent to which outcomes have been met 3. I can describe the components and dispositions of critical thinking in nursing. - Process and ability to think clearly, rationally in order to conceptualize, understanding, analyze, apply and evaluate information in order to make an informed decision - Based on various factors: observation, experience, reflection, knowledge, reasoning… - CRNA competency in order to provide competent nursing care - Utilize to assess, plan, intervene, monitor and evaluate Critical Thinking Elements: - Interactive – engagement with either- content, thought or other people - Curiosity – the desire to know and learn more - Self awareness and self direction – understanding and checking your biases and assumptions Reading: Chapter 16: Ways of Thinking: Critical Thinking in Nursing (pp. 304-323); Chapter 10: The Nursing Process in the 21st Century (selected pp. 188-190) Week 7/9 Focus; Organized Nursing Learning Outcomes: 1. I can describe the characteristics of a profession and relate these to the profession of nursing. Characteristics of a profession: Specialized body of knowledge Professional education and training Code of ethics Accountability Self-regulation Service to the public Continual professional development Nursing profession characteristics: Accountability Special body of knowledge Competent application of knowledge Code of ethics Tradition of service to the public Self-regulation - 2. I can identify and describe the role of CARNA, UNA, CNA ● CNA: national professional association of registered nurses ○ Does not regulate nurses but works with regulatory bodies ● UNA: United Nurses of Alberta ○ Negotiating the excellent collective agreements that regulate salaries, benefits, schedules and working conditions of members ● CARNA: College of Registered Nurses of Alberta ○ Setting the entry to practice competencies, standards of practice and requirements for licensure for nurse practitioners 3. I explain the concepts of regulation and self-regulation. Regulation: establishment and enforcement of rules governing the behavior of individuals or groups, including professional groups like nurses. These rules aim to safeguard the public. Self-regulation: recognizes that a profession is best positioned to set and ensure standards for education and practice. In self-regulation, the profession itself defines, monitors, and enforces these standards. Achieved through regulatory bodies and individual professionals Nursing is an example of a self-regulating profession, where nurses collectively and individually take responsibility for maintaining and enforcing high standards of practice and education. Required reading: 1. Regan, S. and Black, E. (2020). Nursing as a regulated profession: Standards of practice. In D.M. Gregory, C. Raymond, T.C. Stephen, & L. Patrick (Eds.), Fundamentals: Perspectives on the art and science of Canadian nursing (2nd ed., pp.62-83). Wolters Kluwer. 2. N120 Organized Nursing Worksheet