Mass Relations - Stoichiometry

In this problem, we're going to use the mass relations in a neutralization reaction. The question is, how many grams of calcium hydroxide are needed to neutralize 25 milliliters of 00 molarity of nitric acid? So here, we have two compounds: one is a base and one is an acid. We need to determine how many grams of calcium hydroxide we need to add to this solution to neutralize all the acid. We have the volume and the molarity, and we have two different compounds. That means that at some point, we need to use moles, because the only way we can transform from one compound to another is through moles. Okay, so here basically, as I mentioned, the reactants are the acid and the base. The volume and molarity of nitric acid are given, and we are asked how many grams of calcium hydroxide are needed to neutralize this quantity of HNO3. So, what will be the plan? We need to use the molarity and the volume of HNO3 solution to calculate the number of moles. Remember that molarity is moles over volume. So, we have the volume of that solution, which is 25 M of HNO3. By using these two pieces of information, we can obtain the moles of nitric acid, H3. Then, we need to convert those moles of HNO3 to moles of calcium hydroxide. To do that, we need to look at the balanced equation. So, in order to obtain the ratio between the moles of both substances in this equation, Neutralization reaction. Once we have the moles of calcium hydroxide, we can calculate the grams of calcium hydroxide using the molar mass of calcium hydroxide. In other words, we have the volume and molarity of nitric acid. We multiply these values to obtain the moles of nitric acid. Then, using the stoichiometric ratio from the balanced equation of the neutralization reaction, we can convert moles of nitric acid to moles of calcium hydroxide. Once we have the moles of calcium hydroxide, we can find the mass of calcium hydroxide by using its molar mass. The mass of the product is determined by the product of the molar concentration of the solution and its volume is going to be 2 moles of nitric acid to 1 mole of calcium hydroxide. This means that for every 2 moles of nitric acid, we will produce 2 moles of water and 1 mole of calcium nitrate. Now, we can calculate the moles of calcium hydroxide needed. Since we have the moles of nitric acid (2.5 * 10^-3), we can use the ratio from the balanced equation to find the moles of calcium hydroxide. By multiplying the moles of nitric acid by the stoichiometric ratio (1/2), we get the moles of calcium hydroxide. Finally, to find the volume of the calcium hydroxide solution needed, we can use the molarity and moles of calcium hydroxide. By dividing the moles of calcium hydroxide by the molarity, we will get the volume in liters, which can then be converted to milliliters if needed. Uh, the reaction is 2:1, two moles of nitric acid to each mole of calcium hydroxide. This is the ratio we will use to transform the nitric acid into calcium hydroxide. As mentioned before, two moles of nitric acid is equal to one mole of calcium hydroxide. Therefore, these are the moles that we calculated earlier. This is the stoichiometric ratio. Once we have the moles of calcium hydroxide, we can multiply it by the molar mass of calcium hydroxide, which is 74.1 grams per mole. This way, we can cancel out the moles of calcium hydroxide and determine the mass of calcium hydroxide needed to neutralize all the nitric acid in the solution. So, this will be 0.0926 grams of calcium hydroxide, so the answer is reasonable because a small amount of dilute acid requires only a small amount of base to neutralize it.