Perfect ? Let’s put everything into a large structured table with Year ? Term ? Definition ? Example so it’s easy to study at a glance. ? Nursing Vocabulary by Year Year Year 1 – Foundations Term Definition (Layman’s terms) Example The chest is anterior to the spine; the spine is posterior to the chest Anterior / Posterior Front vs. back of the body Proximal / Distal Close to or far from the point of Shoulder is proximal to elbow; attachment fingers are distal Superior / Inferior Above vs. below a point The head is superior to the chest; the feet are inferior Vital Signs Basic health measures (temp, pulse, respiration, BP, O?) A nurse checks vitals every shift Asepsis Free from germs Handwashing prevents infection Edema Swelling from fluid buildup Swollen ankles in heart failure Lesion Abnormal skin/tissue area A mole, sore, or cut is a lesion Palpation Feeling body parts during exam Nurse palpates abdomen for tenderness SOAP Documentation method: Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan “Patient reports pain (S). Nurse observes swelling (O).” Year 2 – Pathophysiology Hypoxia & Pharmacology Low oxygen in body Blue lips may mean hypoxia Ischemia Reduced blood flow Blocked artery ? chest pain (ischemia) Sepsis Severe body-wide infection Fever + confusion = possible sepsis Hypertension High blood pressure BP over 140/90 mmHg Generic vs. Trade Name Official vs. brand drug name Acetaminophen = Tylenol Year 3 – Adult, Peds, Mental Health Dosage Amount of medicine to give 500 mg tablet twice daily PO / IV / IM / SC Medication routes: oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous Insulin SC, antibiotics IV Analgesic Pain reliever Ibuprofen is an analgesic Anticoagulant Blood thinner, prevents clots Warfarin, Heparin CBC (Complete Blood Count) Blood test for red/white cells, platelets Used to diagnose anemia/infection Delegation Assigning tasks properly Nurse delegates vital signs to assistant CHF (Congestive Heart Failure) Heart can’t pump blood well Patient has swelling and shortness of breath CVA (Stroke) Blood flow to brain blocked Sudden weakness, slurred speech Malignant / Benign Cancerous vs. not cancerous Malignant spreads; benign does not APGAR Score Newborn health check at birth Baby scores 8/10 for breathing, color Gravida / Para Pregnancy history: total pregnancies vs. live births Gravida 2, Para 1 = 2 pregnancies, 1 live birth Preeclampsia Pregnancy complication with high BP Pregnant woman has swelling + protein in urine Hallucination Seeing/hearing things not there Schizophrenia: patient hears voices Delusion Fixed false belief Patient insists they are the president Therapeutic Communication Listening & empathy in care “I hear you’re scared. Tell me more.” Intubation Inserting a tube to help breathing Critical patient put on ventilator Year 4 – Advanced, Leadership ABG (Arterial Blood Test of oxygen, CO?, pH in Gas) blood Used for patients with breathing issues PEEP Ventilator setting to keep lungs ICU patient on ventilator with open PEEP FiO? Oxygen concentration delivered Room air = 21%, ventilator may give 50% Chemotherapy Cancer drug treatment Side effect: hair loss Palliative Care Comfort care for serious illness Pain relief for terminal cancer Epidemiology Study of disease patterns Tracking COVID-19 spread Incidence / Prevalence New vs. total cases of disease Incidence = new flu cases, Prevalence = total Autonomy Patient’s right to choose care Patient refuses surgery Beneficence Doing good for patient Giving pain meds for comfort Nonmaleficence “Do no harm” principle Avoid unnecessary procedures Justice Fair treatment for all patients Equal care for all backgrounds Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Care based on best research + expertise Choosing proven wound dressing HIPAA Privacy law (U.S.) Not sharing patient info inappropriately ? This combines everything into one comprehensive study table.