Buck Converter Type Direct Current Converter Performance

Study Case BUCK CONVERTER TYPE DIRECT CURRENT CONVERTER PERFORMANCE Michael Kurniawan (2018123456) University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States michaelkurniawan2019@gmail.com Abstract This paper describes the design and testing of the Buck Converter which is a step down converter using the Proteus application. The need for direct current voltage conversion is increasingly being used in the industrial sector on a large and small scale. One way to convert direct current voltage to lower direct current voltage is to use a buck converter circuit. In the direct current converter, the buck converter type is in an open loop control condition. The results of the tests that have been carried out show that the output voltage of the buck converter is smaller than the input voltage. The average output voltage of the buck converter is 3.33 volts. The average efficiency of the buck converter is 93%. Keywords: Buck Converter, Step Down, Proteus INTRODUCTION There are two types of electricity, direct current and alternating current. The required power source may be different from the available power source, including the characteristics of the power source. Therefore, this sixth chapter discusses converters. Converters serve to convert electrical signals from one form to another as needed. There are four types of converters, namely: 1. Chopper (DC to DC converter) 2. Rectifier (AC to DC converter) 3. Inverter (DC to AC converter) 4. Cycloconverter (AC to AC converter) The conversion results consist of two types, namely fixed output and variable output. In this paper discussing the Chopper type converter. Chopper is used to regulate or convert direct voltage to direct voltage with a fixed input voltage while the output voltage can be regulated. Usage: MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 1 Study Case 1. Control of DC motors for fast moving equipment 2. Electric vehicles 3. Excitation regulation of electric machines 4. Control of input direct voltage for inverters There are two kinds of ways of processing power from DC to DC, namely linear type and switching type. Depending on the type of application, each type has advantages and disadvantages. However, the switching type is gaining popularity mainly due to its advantage of converting power much more efficiently and using smaller components. In this discussion, we will discuss some methodologies that belong to the switching type, especially those used to convert DC-DC power. Buck Converter is the opposite of BOOST CONVERTER. which is to reduce the voltage with a fixed output level and varying input level. the input voltage must be greater than the output voltage. Buck Converter is widely used in various household, industrial, and military electronic devices. the main components of the Buck Converter are coils, diodes, capacitors, and a Clock generator circuit with a certain frequency. currently Buck Converter is widely sold in the form of ready-to-use modules. Buck Converter has high efficiency, so there is not much heat generated from this system. compare with IC regulator 7805 for example. IC 7805 will be hotter with the same current requirement. Buck Converter module is very suitable for reducing the voltage of a motorcycle or car battery, then we set the voltage to 5 Volts to be used as a cellphone charger, power bank, or other gadgets. Figure 1 Buck Converter circuit scheme Generally, buck-converters work in “continuous-mode” where the current of the inductor (when releasing energy) is always strived to not reach zero before the next energy storage process occurs. To achieve this, the inductance value is usually made large enough for the frequency generated by the signal generator. The output voltage level produced by the buck-converter is practically obtained by calculation: MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 2 Study Case  V+out is the output voltage in volts  V+in is the input voltage in volts  tON is the time of appearance of the positive voltage pulse in seconds / second  T is the time period of one revolution in seconds/second. In other words, T is tON + tOFF where tOFF is the pulse blank time in one revolution. For those who do not understand about the period of rotation of the wave can follow a brief review in : Definition of AC. If the time of appearance of the voltage pulse is the same as the empty time (dutycycle 50 percent) then the resulting output voltage is half of the input voltage. If the time of appearance of the pulse is not equal to the empty time, then the output voltage can vary, as in the calculation above. Example: Then, In another way, the above calculation can also be written: D is the duty-cycle factor. If the dutycycle is 60% then D = 0.6. If the dutycycle is 75% then D = 0.75. And so on. MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 3 Study Case RESEARCH METHOD The experiment was conducted using Proteus software. The circuit used is as follows. Figure 2. Buck Converter circuit experiment The components consist of: 1. DC 12V source 1 piece 2. 1kΩ resistor 1 piece 3. 330Ω resistor 1 piece 4. Capacitor 470u 2 pieces 5. Zener diode 1 piece 6. Transistor 1 piece 7. DC Volt meter 2 pieces 8. Ground 1 piece MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 4 Study Case RESULTS AND DISCUSSION From this practicum, it is found that the input voltage is greater than the output voltage. This circuit lowers the voltage with a fixed output level and the input level varies. the input voltage must be greater than the output voltage. Figure 3. Buck Converter circuit The advantages and disadvantages of the Buck converter system include: Advantages : 1. High efficiency 2. The circuit is simple 3. Does not require transformers 4. Low stress level on switch components 5. The ripple in the output voltage is also low so that the filter or filter required is relatively small. Disadvantages: 1. No isolation between input and output 2. Only one output is produced 3. High level of ripple in the input current 4. This method is often used in applications that require small-sized systems. MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 5 Study Case CONCLUSIONS Based on the experiments obtained: 1. The input voltage is greater than the output voltage 2. The input current is smaller than the output current 3. No error occurs in the Buck Converter experiment in the proteus application MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 6 Study Case REFERENCES MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 7