Development of Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Learning Media

Study Case Development of Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Learning Media for Sensor and Actuator Subjects in the Electrical Automation Technology Program at CTE High School Michael Kurniawan (2018123456) University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States kurniaml@mail.uc.edu Abstract This study aims to analyze the development process, performance, and feasibility of Internet of Things (IoT)-based learning media applied to Sensor and Actuator Devices subjects in the Industrial Automation Technology program at CTE High School. The research method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) development model as proposed by Robert Maribe Branch. The research subjects were 24 twelfth-grade students from the Industrial Automation Technology program. The results of the study showed that: (1) The learning media was developed using a NodeMCU v1.0 microcontroller based on the ESP8266 chipset, with outputs in the form of LEDs and 5 VDC relays. Data transmission depended on the internet connection speed with a maximum delay of 2 seconds. (2) Performance tests showed that the success rate of sensor data transmission from the hardware to the database reached 100%. (3) Feasibility assessment results show that: (a) Media experts gave a score of 86.00% with a Highly Feasible category; (b) Material experts gave a score of 85.00% with a Feasible category; and (c) Student assessment showed a score of 85.62% with a Highly Feasible category. Thus, this IoTbased learning media is considered very feasible for use in sensor and actuator learning to improve student competence in the field of industrial automation. Keywords: Research and Development, ADDIE, Internet of Things, CTE High School, Industrial Automation Technology. MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 1 Study Case INTRODUCTION Global labor competition is becoming increasingly fierce in line with the era of free markets and international economic openness. Human resources (HR) must be prepared to have superior competencies and be able to compete not only at the national level, but also in the global labor market. One of the rapidly developing technologies is cyber-physical systems and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. According to the Schneider Electric 2020 Business Report, IoT has become one of the most widely adopted technologies by organizations worldwide to improve energy efficiency, productivity, and industrial system automation. The early history of IoT can be traced back to 1989 when the internet became widely known. In 1990, John Romkey created a toaster that could be operated via the internet — marking the beginning of the integration of physical systems with digital networks. Since then, IoT has continued to develop and be applied in various fields such as health, informatics, geography, industrial automation, and network-based data control systems. In the context of vocational education, particularly in Career and Technical Education (CTE) High Schools, the learning process is aimed at equipping students with a combination of technical skills, professional attitudes, and applied knowledge so that they are ready to work in the industrial world. Unlike general schools (Senior High Schools) which emphasize theory, vocational education emphasizes hands-on practice to train technical skills and industrial problem solving. To support an effective learning process, teachers need learning media as visual and interactive tools. According to Arief S. Sadiman (2011:7), learning media helps increase student motivation, concept understanding, and learning retention. Sanaky (2013:4) emphasizes that learning media serves as an intermediary between teachers and students to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of achieving learning objectives. One of the important devices in the development of IoT systems is the ESP8266 WiFi module, which is a wireless communication module with a TTL serial interface equipped with GPIO. This module can be used independently or with an additional microcontroller. Widely used versions, such as ESP-01, ESP-07, and ESP-12, have similar functions but differ in the number of GPIO pins provided. MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 2 Study Case The subject of Sensor and Actuator Devices is part of the basic vocational competencies in the Industrial Automation Engineering program. Based on the vocational curriculum, this subject discusses the working principles of sensors, actuators, and their integration into automation systems. This learning is generally given in the 12th grade in the odd semester and focuses on the application of IoT-based control systems. This research was developed as an innovative effort to improve the quality of learning through the integration of IoT technology. The learning media designed allows students to understand the concepts of sensors and actuators directly through simulations and internet-based practices. Thus, this media is expected to improve students' competence in industrial automation while preparing them to face the demands of the world of work and modern technological developments. RESEARCH MODEL The method used in this study is research and development. The development model applied refers to the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) model proposed by Robert Maribe Branch. This research focuses on the development of Internet of Things (IoT)-based learning media for the subject of Sensors and Actuators in the Industrial Automation Engineering program at CTE High School Figure 1. Media Development Model Data Collection Instruments Research instruments were used to assess the feasibility of Internet of Things (IoT)based learning media in the subject of sensor and actuator devices. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire using a four-point Likert scale, namely: strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree. 1. The instrument for media experts covers the aspects of appearance, technical aspects, and media usefulness. MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 3 Study Case 2. The instrument for subject matter experts covers content quality and usefulness. 3. The instrument for users (students) covers the aspects of appearance, technical aspects, content quality, and usefulness. Data Analysis Techniques The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques, utilizing descriptive statistics to convert quantitative data from the questionnaire results into qualitative information. The average values were then converted into categories of learning media suitability. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The research procedure adapted the ADDIE model with several adjustments to the learning context in vocational schools. Initial analysis results showed that the learning media used previously did not integrate modern technology. After conducting a needs analysis, it was determined that Internet of Things (IoT)-based media was the most relevant solution. The design stage included the selection of main components and system design. Table 1. Media Components MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 4 Study Case The development stage included hardware assembly, programming using Arduino IDE, and the creation of a graphical user interface (GUI) using Sublime Text with PHP and HTML programming languages to build a database. Initial testing was conducted to ensure that all functions worked as designed before the validation process by experts (expert judgment). The test results showed that all media functions worked as intended. Table 2. Sensor Input Performance Data processing and transmission performance can be seen in Table 3. Table 3. Transmission Process Performance MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 5 Study Case Next, testing was carried out on the output components to assess media performance, as shown in Table 4. Table 4. Output Performance In addition to hardware testing, software testing was also conducted to ensure the functionality of the system as a sensor data interfacing medium. The results are presented in Table 5. Table 5. Software Testing After the media expert and material expert testing stages, an evaluation was conducted to refine the manual and jobsheet. Based on the evaluation results, it was recommended that comments be added to the program code to make it easier for students to understand. Media Validation Test Results The media validation test by media experts covered aspects of appearance, technicality, and usefulness. The results obtained were: 1. Appearance: 88% (Very Good) 2. Technicality: 78% (Good) 3. Usefulness: 92% (Very Good) MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 6 Study Case Figure 2. Media Expert Validation Results Material Validation Test Results The validation test by material experts covers the aspects of material quality and media usefulness. The assessment results show: 1. Material quality aspect: 83% (Suitable) 2. Usefulness aspect: 87% (Very Suitable) Figure 3. Material Expert Validation Results User Test Results User trials were conducted with students by assessing four main aspects. The results show: 1. Appearance aspect: 84.79% (Suitable) 2. Technical aspect: 85.42% (Very Suitable) 3. Material quality aspect: 85.42% (Very Appropriate) 4. Usefulness aspect: 86.81% (Very Appropriate) MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 7 Study Case Figure 4. User Test Results CONCLUSION The development of Internet of Things (IoT)-based learning media for sensor and actuator devices has resulted in: 1. NodeMCU V1.0-based learning media with ESP8266 chipset, equipped with four main sensors, with the following specifications: a. Input voltage of 220V AC b. Microcontroller input voltage of 3–5V DC c. Output in the form of LEDs, buzzers, and 5V DC relays d. Real-time data communication with a web server via the internet e. User system equipped with accounts, data transmission configuration, and graphical user interface (GUI) 2. The media's performance shows optimal function throughout the entire process, including sensor reading, data processing, sending, receiving, and storing data in a database. 3. The learning media's feasibility level based on the validation results is: a. Media expert: 86.00% (Highly Suitable) b. Subject matter expert: 85.00% (Suitable) c. User test: 85.62% (Highly Suitable) Thus, the developed IoT-based learning media is deemed suitable and effective for supporting Sensor and Actuator Device learning in the field of Industrial Automation Engineering at the vocational school level. MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 8 Study Case REFERENCE MICHAEL KURNIAWAN 9