Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function Answer Key Part 3

UNIT II GI Chapter 40: Management of Patients with Gastric and Duodenal Disorders 1. A nurse is caring for a client who just has been diagnosed with a peptic ulcer. When teaching the client about his new diagnosis, how should the nurse best describe it? A. Inflammation of the lining of the stomach B. Erosion of the lining of the stomach or intestine C. Bleeding from the mucosa in the stomach D. Viral invasion of the stomach wall 2. A nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with late-stage gastric cancer. The client's family is distraught and angry that the client was not diagnosed earlier in the course of her disease. What factor most likely contributed to the client's late diagnosis? A. Gastric cancer does not cause signs or symptoms until metastasis has occurred. B. Adherence to screening recommendations for gastric cancer is exceptionally low. C. Early symptoms of gastric cancer are usually attributed to constipation. D. The early symptoms of gastric cancer are usually not alarming or highly unusual. 3. A nurse is preparing to discharge a client after recovery from gastric surgery. What is an appropriate discharge outcome for this client? A. Bowel movements maintain a loose consistency. B. Three large meals per day are tolerated. C. Weight is maintained or gained. D. High calcium diet is consumed. ANS: C 4. A nurse is completing a health history on a client whose diagnosis is chronic gastritis. Which of the data should the nurse consider most significantly related to the etiology of the client's health problem? A. Consumes one or more protein drinks daily. B. Take over-the-counter antacids frequently throughout the day. C. Smokes one pack of cigarettes daily. D. Reports a history of social drinking on a weekly basis. 5. A community health nurse is preparing for an initial home visit to a client discharged following a total gastrectomy for treatment of gastric cancer. What would the nurse anticipate that the plan of care is most likely to include? A. Enteral feeding via gastrostomy tube (G tube) B. Gastrointestinal decompression by nasogastric tube C. Periodic assessment for esophageal distension D. Administration of injections of vitamin B12 6. A nurse is assessing a client who has peptic ulcer disease. The client requests more information about the typical causes of Helicobacter pylori infection. What would it be appropriate for the nurse to instruct the client? A. Most affected clients acquired the infection during international travel. B. Infection typically occurs due to ingestion of contaminated food and water. C. Many people possess genetic factors causing a predisposition to H. pylori infection D. The H. pylori microorganism is endemic in warm, moist climates. 7. A client who experienced a large upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleed due to gastritis has had the bleeding controlled and is now stable. For the next several hours, the nurse caring for this client should assess for what signs and symptoms of recurrence? A. Tachycardia, hypotension, and tachypnea B. Tarry, foul-smelling stools C. Diaphoresis and sudden onset of abdominal pain D. Sudden thirst, unrelieved by oral fluid administration 8. A client presents to the clinic reporting vomiting and burning in the mid-epigastria. The nurse knows that in the process of confirming peptic ulcer disease, the health care provider is likely to order a diagnostic test to detect the presence of what? A. Infection with Helicobacter pylori B. Excessive stomach acid secretion C. An incompetent pyloric sphincter D. A metabolic acid–base imbalance 9. A client with a peptic ulcer disease has had metronidazole added to their current medication regimen. What health education related to this medication should the nurse provide? A. Take the medication on an empty stomach. B. Take up to one extra dose per day if stomach pain persists. C. Take at bedtime to mitigate the effects of drowsiness. D. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking the drug. 10. A client was treated in the emergency department and critical care unit after ingesting bleach. What possible complication of the resulting gastritis should the nurse recognize? A. Esophageal or pyloric obstruction related to scarring. B. Uncontrolled proliferation of H. pylori C. Gastric hyperacidity related to excessive gastrin secretion D. Chronic referred pain in the lower abdomen 11. A client who underwent a gastric resection 3 weeks ago is having their diet progressed on a daily basis. Following the latest meal, the client reports dizziness and palpitations. Inspection reveals that the client is diaphoretic. What is the nurse's best action? A. Insert a nasogastric tube promptly. B. Reposition the client supine. C. Monitor the client closely for further signs of dumping syndrome. D. Assess the client for signs and symptoms of aspiration. 12. A client is receiving education about an upcoming Billroth I procedure (gastroduodenostomy). This client should be informed that the client may experience which of the following adverse effects associated with this procedure? A. Persistent feelings of hunger and thirst B. Constipation or bowel incontinence C. Diarrhea and feelings of fullness D. Gastric reflux and belching 13. A nurse is providing client education for a client with peptic ulcer disease secondary to chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. The client has recently been prescribed misoprostol. What would the nurse be most accurate in informing the client about the drug? A. It reduces the stomach's volume of hydrochloric acid B. It increases the speed of gastric emptying C. It protects the stomach's lining D. It increases lower esophageal sphincter pressure 14. A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a client who is preparing for a total gastrectomy. The nurse learns that the client is anxious about numerous aspects of the surgery. What intervention is most appropriate to alleviate the client's anxiety? A. Emphasize the fact that gastric surgery has a low risk of complications. B. Encourage the client to focus on the benefits of the surgery. C. Facilitate the client's contact with support services. D. Obtain an order for a PRN benzodiazepine. ANS: C 15. A client has just been diagnosed with acute gastritis after presenting in distress to the emergency department with abdominal symptoms. What would be the nursing care most needed by the client at this time? A. Teaching the client about necessary nutritional modification B. Helping the client weigh treatment options C. Teaching the client about the etiology of gastritis D. Providing the client with physical and emotional support 16. A client is recovering in the hospital following gastrectomy. The nurse notes that the client has become increasingly difficult to engage and has had several angry outbursts at staff members in recent days. The nurse's attempts at therapeutic dialogue have been rebuffed. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? A. Ask the client's primary provider to liaise between the nurse and the client. B. Delegate care of the client to a colleague. C. Limit contact with the client in order to provide privacy. D. Make appropriate referrals to services that provide psychosocial support. 17. A client has been admitted to the hospital after diagnostic imaging revealed the presence of a gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). What is the nurse's priority intervention? A. Administration of antiemetics B. Insertion of an NG tube for decompression C. Infusion of hypotonic IV solution D. Administration of proton pump inhibitors as prescribed 18. Diagnostic imaging and physical assessment have revealed that a client with peptic ulcer disease has suffered a perforated ulcer. The nurse recognizes that emergency interventions must be performed as soon as possible in order to prevent the development of what complication? A. peritonitis B. Gastritis C. Gastroesophageal reflux D. Acute pancreatitis 19. A client has been prescribed cimetidine for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. When providing relevant health education for this client, the nurse should ensure the client is aware of what potential outcome? A. Bowel incontinence B. Drug-drug interactions C. Abdominal pain D. Heat intolerance 20. A client has recently received a diagnosis of gastric cancer; the nurse is aware of the importance of assessing the client's level of anxiety. Which of the following actions is most likely to accomplish this? A. The nurse gauges the client's response to hypothetical outcomes. B. The client is encouraged to express fears openly. C. The nurse provides detailed and accurate information about the disease. D. The nurse closely observes the client's body language. ANS: B 21. A nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of GI bleed. During shift assessment, the nurse finds the client to be tachycardic and hypotensive, and the client has an episode of hematemesis while the nurse is in the room. In addition to monitoring the client's vital signs and level of conscious, what would be a priority nursing action for this client? A. Place the client in a prone position. B. Provide the client with ice water to slow any GI bleeding. C. Prepare for the insertion of an NG tube. D. Notify the health care provider. 22. A nurse is caring for a client hospitalized with an exacerbation of chronic gastritis. What health promotion topic should the nurse emphasize? A. Strategies for maintaining an alkaline gastric environment B. Safe technique for self-suctioning C. Techniques for positioning correctly to promote gastric healing D. Strategies for avoiding irritating foods and beverages 23. A client with gastritis required hospital treatment for an exacerbation of symptoms and received a subsequent diagnosis of pernicious anemia due to malabsorption. When planning the client's continuing care in the home setting, what assessment question is most relevant? A. "Does anyone in your family have experience at giving injections?" B. "Are you going to be anywhere with strong sunlight in the next few months?" C. "Are you aware of your blood type?" D. "Do any of your family members have training in first aid?" 24. A client comes to the clinic reporting pain in the epigastric region. What statement by the client is specific to the presence of a duodenal ulcer? A. "My pain resolves when I have something to eat." B. “The pain begins right after I eat.” C. "I know that my father and my grandfather both had ulcers." D. "I seem to have bowel movements more often than I usually do." 25. The nurse is admitting a client whose medication regimen includes regular injections of vitamin B12. The nurse should question the client about a history of: A. total gastrectomy. B. bariatric surgery. C. diverticulitis. D. gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). 26. A client has experienced symptoms of dumping syndrome following gastric surgery. To what physiologic phenomenon does the nurse attribute this syndrome? A. Irritation of the phrenic nerve due to diaphragmatic pressure B. Chronic malabsorption of iron and vitamins A and C C. Reflux of bile into the distal esophagus D. Influx of extracellular fluid into the small intestine 27. The nurse is providing care for a client who has recently been diagnosed with chronic gastritis. What health practice should the nurse address when teaching the client to limit exacerbations of the disease? A. Performing 15 minutes of physical activity at least three times per week B. Avoiding taking aspirin to treat pain or fever C. Taking multivitamins as prescribed and eating organic foods whenever possible D. Maintaining a healthy body weight 28. A client has just been diagnosed with acute gastritis after presenting in distress to the emergency department with abdominal symptoms. Which of the following actions should the nurse prioritize? A. Teaching the client about necessary nutritional modification B. Helping the client weigh treatment options C. Teaching the client about the etiology of gastritis D. Providing the client with physical and emotional support 29. A client is undergoing diagnostic testing for a tumor of the small intestine. What are the most likely symptoms that prompted the client to first seek care? A. Hematemesis and persistent sensation of fullness B. Abdominal bloating and recurrent constipation C. Intermittent pain and bloody stool D. Unexplained bowel incontinence and fatty stools 30. A client with a history of peptic ulcer disease has presented to the emergency department (ED) in distress. What assessment finding would lead the ED nurse to suspect that the client has a perforated ulcer? A. The client has abdominal bloating that developed rapidly. B. The client has a rigid, "board-like" abdomen that is tender. C. The client is experiencing intense lower right quadrant pain. D. The client is experiencing dizziness and confusion with no apparent hemodynamic changes. 31. Diagnostic testing of a client with a history of dyspepsia and abdominal pain has resulted in a diagnosis of gastric cancer. The nurse's anticipatory guidance should include what information? A. The possibility of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy B. The possibility of needing a short-term or long-term colostomy C. The benefits of weight loss and exercise as tolerated during recovery D. The good prognosis for clients who are treated for gastric cancer 32. An adult client with a history of dyspepsia has been diagnosed with chronic gastritis. The nurse's health education should include what guidelines? Select all that apply. A. Avoid drinking alcohol B. Adopt a low-residue diet C. Avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories D. Take calcium gluconate as prescribed E. Prepare for the possibility of surgery 33. The nurse is providing care for a client whose peptic ulcer disease will be treated with a Billroth I procedure (gastroduodenostomy). Which statement(s) by the client indicates effective knowledge of the procedure? Select all that apply. A. “I will be at risk of developing diarrhea, nausea, and feeling light-headed after eating.” B. “It is likely that I will need to receive nutrition directly into my veins.” C. “One of my nerves, the vagus nerve, may be cut during the surgery.” D. “I can eat a normal diet again after 3 to 5 weeks.” E. “This surgery will remove part of my stomach and colon.” 34. A client has come to the clinic reporting pain just above her umbilicus. When assessing the client, the nurse notes Sister Mary Joseph nodules. The nurse should refer the client to the primary provider to be assessed for what health problem? A. A GI malignancy B. Dumping syndrome C. Peptic ulcer disease D. Esophageal/gastric obstruction 35. A client with gastric cancer has been scheduled for a total gastrectomy. During the preoperative assessment, the client confides in the nurse feeling the surgery will "mutilate" the client’s body. The nurse should plan interventions that address what nursing diagnosis? A. Disturbed body image B. Deficient knowledge related to the risks of surgery C. Anxiety about the surgery D. Low self-esteem