Quantization Energy Lab Report

Quantization of Energy Lab Report Instructions: For this investigative phenomenon, you will need to determine the composition of the new star using a spectrometer. This will help scientists determine the star's approximate age. You will complete Part I and Part II trials of the experiment. Record your observations and test measurements in the lab report below. You will submit your completed report. Title: Quantization of Energy, Alex Hall Objective(s): -determine the composition and age of stars and unknown elements Hypothesis: I predict that if you can identify an unknown element and composition of stars by using the color it produces when tested. Procedure: Access the virtual lab and complete Part I and Part II trials of the experiment. Because this lab is virtual, summarize the steps in which data were collected for the samples. In addition, list and explain your controlled variables, independent variable, and dependent variable for this lab. Materials: Quantization of Energy Virtual Lab Variables: Remember, controlled variables are factors that remain the same throughout the experiment. An independent (test) variable changes so that the experimenter can see the effect on other variables. The dependent (outcome) variable will change in response to the test variable. Controlled variables: platinum wire, test tubes, HCI, prism used, flame used Independent variable: the elements Dependent variable: color emitted by the elements, wavelengths shown on spectrum Summary of Steps: Part 1: Flame Tests Steps: 1. Clean the platinum wire by dipping it into the test tube of HCI, and then heating the wire in the hottest part of the flame until no color shows 2. Dip the platinum wire into the test tube containing the element. 3. Heat the wire in the hottest part of the flame until a color is displayed. 4. Record the color. 5. Repeat for all other elements. Part 2: 1. Put element on the light source. 2. Analyze the results using the spectrum. 3. Record the different colors and wavelengths shown on the spectrum. 4. Repeat for all of the elements. Data: Type the results of your tests in the data table below. The saved results of your measurements can also be found by selecting the data table button within the virtual lab. Don't forget to record measurements with accuracy, precision, and appropriate significant figures. Part I: Flame Tests Solution Element Name Color Description Known One Barium Red Known Two Calcium Green Known Three Sodium Yellow Known Four Rubidum Purrple Known Five Potassium Blue Known Six Lithium Pink Unknown One Lithium Pink Unknown Two Potassium Blue Part II: Spectrometry Known Elements Spectrum Line Hydrogen Helium Sodium Neon Mercury 1 Purple 410 nm Blue 445 nm Yellow 575 nm Purple 420 nm Blue 440 nm 2 Blue 440 nm Green 510 nm Yellow 585 nm Green 510 nm Blue 450 nm 3 Green 510 nm Yellow 585 nm Green 520 nm Green 530 nm 4 Green 535 nm Red 690 nm Green 525 nm Green 550 nm 5 Yellow 550 nm Red 730 nm Yellow 575 nm Red 570 nm 6 Yellow 575 nm Yellow 580 nm Red 675 nm 7 Red 660 nm Red 700 nm Red 690 nm 8 Red 680 nm Red 710 nm Red 710 nm 9 Red 700 nm Red 720 nm Yellow 585 nm 10 Red 745 nm Star Composition Line in Star!Spectrum Color Wavelength 1 Purple 405 2 Purple 410 3 Purple 415 4 Blue 435 5 Blue 445 6 Green 500 7 Green 505 8 Green 550 9 Green 560 10 Yellow 585 11 Red 620 12 Red 625 13 Red 655 14 Red 685 15 Red 690 16 Red 695 17 Red 705 18 Red 715 19 Red 725 Conclusion Write a conclusion statement that addresses the following questions: ¥ Based on your data, which unknown elements make up this star? The unknown elements are potassium and lithium. ¥ Do your data support or fails to support your hypothesis (include examples)? My data supports my hypothesis because each element has specific colors and wavelengths that correspond to that element. Therefore, if you can use that to identify the element, you can use that info to determine the age of a star. For example, Lithium produces a red color when put to the fire test. ¥ How do you think the investigation can be explored further? I believe we can explore this investigation further if we decided to test out different elements to get their specific colors and wavelengths. Post-Lab Reflection Questions Answer the reflection questions using what you have learned from the lesson and your experimental data. It will be helpful to refer to your chemistry journal notes. Answer questions in complete sentences. 1. In Parts I and II of the lab, what happened to the electrons of each element to produce the different colors of light? Explain your answers using important terms from the lesson and information provided in the laboratory. Because heat was added, the electrons absorbed the light, and therefore move into the excited state. Once the electron starts to fall back to a lower orbit, away from the nucleus, it emits light. The wavelength is the factor that determines the type of light (we view this through the prism). 2. Stars composed of heavier (more massive) elements are often slightly older than stars made predominantly from hydrogen and helium. Based on your data, is the newly discovered star a younger star? Explain your answer. The newly discovered star is heavier and therefore older, because it isn’t made up of the lighter hydrogen and helium, instead it is made up of lithium and potassium, which are heavier elements. Based on the data in the experiment and the ques>on, the star is an older star.