Case Studies on Nursing Care Concepts

Amelia Roses (UNC2021-5678) Bachelor of Science in Nursing ASSIGNMENT : CASE STUDIES ON NURSING CARE CONCEPTS 1. Mrs. Rini, a 55-year-old woman, has just been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse assigned to Mrs. Rini's care needs to conduct an initial assessment first. What are some key areas the nurse should assess? Assessment of Mrs. Rini: a. Demographic data: Age, gender, education, occupation, marital status, family history. b. Medical history: History of diabetes, diabetes medications, allergies, surgeries, and hospitalizations. c. Physical examination: Vital signs, anthropometry (weight, height, BMI), head-to-toe assessment (including skin integrity, foot exam, neurovascular status). d. Laboratory tests: Blood glucose (random, fasting), HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, BUN, creatinine, urinalysis. e. Mental status assessment: Level of anxiety, depression, and coping. f. Lifestyle assessment: Diet, physical activity, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption. g. Social support assessment: Support from family, friends, and community 2. Based on the assessment findings, the nurse identifies several nursing diagnoses for Mrs. Rini, one of which being risk for infection. Explain how the nurse can formulate a nursing diagnosis based on this risk for infection? Nursing diagnosis based on risk for infection: a. Diagnosis: Risk for infection related to hyperglycemia and impaired skin integrity on feet. b. Defining characteristics: • Presence of risk factors for infection (hyperglycemia, impaired skin integrity on feet). • No signs of infection yet, but high risk for developing one. 3. After formulating the nursing diagnosis, the nurse needs to develop a care plan for Mrs. Rini. What should be included in this care plan? Components of a care plan: a. Nursing goals: Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timebound objectives (e.g., within 2 days, patient's risk for infection will decrease). b. Nursing interventions: Actions the nurse will take to achieve the goals (e.g., educate patient on infection prevention, inspect patient's feet regularly, maintain wound cleanliness). c. Evaluation criteria: Methods to measure goal achievement (e.g., patient can identify 3 ways to prevent infection, no signs of infection on patient's feet within 2 days). 4. The nurse implements nursing interventions based on the developed plan. Explain an example of a nursing intervention that can be done to address Mrs. Rini's risk for infection? Example of a nursing intervention for risk for infection: a. Educate the patient on infection prevention strategies like proper handwashing, wound care techniques, and using appropriate footwear. b. Regularly inspect the patient's feet for wounds, redness, or swelling. c. Maintain wound cleanliness by cleaning with sterile saline solution and covering with sterile gauze. d. Administer antibiotic medications as prescribed by the doctor. 5. After implementing nursing interventions for a few days, the nurse needs to conduct an evaluation to see if the nursing goals have been achieved. How can the nurse evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented interventions? Evaluating intervention effectiveness: a. Monitor the patient for signs of infection such as fever, redness, swelling, pain, and pus. b. Ask the patient about their sensations, like pain, warmth, or itching in their feet. c. Review laboratory results, such as white blood cell count and CRP. 6. Mrs. Rini lives with her husband and two children. How can the nurse involve Mrs. Rini's family in the nursing care process? Involving Mrs. Rini's family: a. Educate the family about diabetes and how they can support Mrs. Rini in managing her condition. b. Involve the family in developing the care plan and implementing interventions. c. Enlist family support in helping Mrs. Rini make lifestyle changes 7. Besides the family, Mrs. Rini also interacts with other healthcare professionals like doctors, dieticians, and physiotherapists. Explain how the nurse can collaborate with other healthcare team members to provide comprehensive care for Mrs. Rini? Collaboration with the healthcare team: a. Communicate with doctors to gain information about the patient's condition and treatment plan. b. Collaborate with dietitians to develop a suitable diet plan for the patient. c. Work with physiotherapists to recommend safe and effective exercise routines for the patient. 8. Mrs. Rini feels anxious and worried about her condition after being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. How can the nurse provide patient education and health promotion to Mrs. Rini to improve her knowledge about diabetes and its management? Education and health promotion: a. Educate Mrs. Rini about diabetes, including how it develops, how to manage it, and potential complications. b. Explain the importance of a healthy diet and physical activity in managing diabetes. c. Provide information on available resources for diabetes patients, like support groups and education programs. 9. Mrs. Rini needs to make lifestyle changes like adopting a healthy diet and exercising regularly to manage her diabetes. How can the nurse help Mrs. Rini in making these lifestyle changes? Assisting Mrs. Rini with lifestyle changes: a. Help Mrs. Rini develop a personalized healthy diet plan based on her needs. b. Offer tips and strategies to help Mrs. Rini increase her physical activity. c. Help Mrs. Rini overcome barriers to making lifestyle changes. 10. Nursing care for Mrs. Rini should be focused on her individual needs and preferences. Explain how the nurse can implement patient-centered care principles while providing care to Mrs. Rini? Implementing patient-centered care principles: a. Involve Mrs. Rini in decision-making about her care. b. Respect Mrs. Rini's values and beliefs. c. Provide care tailored to Mrs. Rini's individual needs and preferences. d. Build a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship based on trust and communication.