History Unit 2 Study Guide

8th Grade History Unit 2 Study Guide ★ Define the following terms: ○ Colony ○ Land grant ○ Proprietary colony ○ Charter ○ Royal colony ○ Roanoke Island ○ Jamestown ○ Plymouth ★ Know the three geographic regions of the colonies. ★ What were the four New England colonies? ★ What was the climate like in the northern colonies? What were some of the difficulties the colonists faced due to the climate? ★ Know that Puritans mainly resided in the New England colonies. ★ New Hampshire: ○ Founded in ___________________ ○ Founded by ___________________________. ○ Land was granted to Mason and settlers were sent to the new land to establish what? ○ The colonists were originally from __________________. ○ What type of industries were in New Hampshire? ○ What natural resources were in New Hampshire? ○ Know the dominant religion was Puritan. ★ Massachusetts: ○ Founded in ___________________. ○ Founded by __________________. ○ Separatists found refuge in America and came over on the _____________________ ○ Farming was difficult. Know how people made a living in Massachusetts. ○ What type of agriculture was found in Massachusetts? ○ The main religion was Puritan. ★ Connecticut: ○ Founded in ___________________ ○ Founded by ______________________________ ○ The people who settled in Connecticut were colonists who left Massachusetts looking for __________________________________________________________________________. ○ Agriculture was the major industry & they had access to waterways for fishing. ○ Religion: They were open to more religious freedom. ★ Rhode Island: ○ Founded in ____________________ ○ Founded by ________________________ ○ The people were mainly English from other colonies. ■ Looking for more religious freedom ○ Better soils made for more profitable agriculture; livestock; access to water (fishing industry); forests supported the lumber industry ○ Religion: founded on the principles of religious freedom ★ The Middle Colonies: ______________________ Pennsylvania New Jersey ______________________ ■ The colonists consisted of: Polish, English, Dutch, French, & German ■ Climate: Allowed for longer growing seasons; mild climate Delaware: ○ Founded in ______________ ○ Founded by ______________ ○ 1st European settlement ○ People: ■ English, Dutch, ___________________ ○ Economy: Fertile land ■ Farms produced grain, rice, and indigo ■ Forests supported lumber industry → shipbuilding, trading, shipping lumber ○ Religion: Mix of religions due to religious freedoms and tolerance Pennsylvania: ○ Founded in __________________ ○ Founded by __________________ ○ Land was granted by the British Crown to _____________________________ owed to Penn’s father ○ Established as a safe have for ____________________ ○ Economy: mixed ■ Wheat, corn, cattle ■ Textiles, paper making, ship building ○ Religion: founded for the Quakers; eventually granted religious freedom to everyone New Jersey: ○ Founded in ______________ ○ Founded by _____________ and ________________ ○ Land given by James Duke of York ○ Promised settlers religious freedom and representational government ○ Economy: centered around agriculture ■ Iron was mined and manufactured ○ Religion: mix of religions represented in this colony New York ○ Founded in __________________ ○ Founded by _________________ ○ First settled by refugees from France and _____________________ ○ Established on foundations of _________________, liberty, ______________, and fraternity ○ Diverse population ○ Economy: agriculture and manufacturing ■ Cattle, grain, rice, and wheat ■ Shipbuilding and ironworks ○ Religion: large mix of religions due to diverse population Southern Colonies ○ _____________________ ○ Maryland ○ ○ ○ ○ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ○ _____________________________ ○ South Carolina ○ Georgia Virginia: ○ Jamestown: first English colony in the New World ■ Founded by ___________________ ■ Founded in ___________________ ○ People: population was mainly English ○ Economy: ___________________________ ■ Focused on growing tobacco, wheat, corn ○ Religion: law in the Virginia colony mandated colonists to worship only in the _______________________________. Maryland: ○ In ___________, Lord Baltimore was granted a charter to own land north of the ______________________________. ○ People: wanted a settlement that would generate profit and also offer refuge to __________________________. ○ Economy: Shipbuilding and iron works ■ Agriculture: Corn, _________________, _________________, and indigo ○ Religion: Safe haven for __________________ of England; diverse religious population North Carolina: ○ Established in ________________ ○ Established by _______________________ ○ North Carolina and South Carolina were once one colony noted by a charter for the Carolina Colony. ○ Produced rice and tobacco ○ Religion: Diverse religious practices in NC Colony. South Carolina: ○ Founded in __________________ ○ Founded by _________________ ○ Originally part of the ‘Carolina Colony’ (until 1719) ○ Population was diverse ○ Economy: produced tobacco, rice, cotton, and cattle ○ Religion: diverse population brought diverse religious beliefs Georgia: ○ Established in ___________________ ○ Established by __________________ ○ People: ‘worthy poor’ people; debtors ■ Wanted a province that would defend the southern part of British colonies from Spanish Florida ○ Economy: Agriculture was dominate; rice/sugar ○ Religion: Religious freedom 13 Original Colonies: ○ New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Virginia, NC, SC, Georgia The Lost Colony: “Roanoke” ○ Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock ■ 117 men, women, and children ■ Made history on Roanoke Island (July 1587) ■ Recruited by Sir Walter Raleigh ● John White ● Pregnant daughter, Eleanor Dare (her husband Ananias Dare) ● Indian Chief, Manteo (ally to the English) ○ 1587: Small colony was founded (Roanoke) ■ Virginia Dare was born to Eleanor Dare: became the first English child born on American soil ○ During the first year, John White left for England ■ Needed resources and manpower ■ Returned 3 years later to find settlement empty ● Everyone had vanished (disappeared) ● Found the word ‘CROATOAN’ carved into the trees ○ White unable to complete the search ■ Hurricane approached the shore and forced him and the ones he brought over to go back to England ○ White attempted to return multiple times but never made the trip back to America ○ Sir Walter Raleigh gave up hope on the settlement; White died years later without knowing the fate of his family and the colony ■ 117 pioneers of Roanoke Island had vanished… ★ Think about your own theory for what happened? Remember we discussed this in class and many theories were mentioned. You will need to write your own theory on the test.