Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny — Texas and Mexican War

Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny — Texas and Mexican War. • Describe the Tejas. Where was it located? • It was what the Spanish explorers called modern-day Texas. It bordered the Louisiana Territory and had lush forests, plains, rich soil, but less settlers. • What are Tejanos and how many lived in the area of Texas? • The Tejanos were people of Spanish heritage — 4,000 lived there by 1821. • Who got a land grant from the Spanish government to start a colony in Mexico? • An American named Moses Austin. • What happens to the area when Austin arrives in 1821? • Mexico gains independence from Spain. • What does Stephen F. Austin do after his father’s agreement falls through? • Travels to San Antonio to meet with governor Antonio Maria Martinez, who acknowledges Austin as his father’s predecessor. Makes new colonization contract. • What does Austin have to agree to for him to get the land? • People must be Catholic, and the new settlers had to become Mexican citizens. • How many families made up the first settlement and what were they know as? • 300 families — known as the “Old 300.” • What were some of the reason families came to the area? • 1. Some were looking for a new life. • 2. Some were evading the law. • 3. Cheap land up for sale. • What did Austin demand to see from each family to make sure the settlement remained productive? • Demanded proof that each family head word hard and didn’t drink alcohol. • By 1830, what had the population of the settlement grown to? • 20,000 total - 16,000 Americans to 4,000 Tejanos. • What three things were Americans angry with the Mexicans over? • Mexico banned slavery. American settlers who relied on slave labor didn’t want to lose their slaves. • Mexico closed the state, preventing more American settlers from coming to the area. • Americans felt discriminated against and treated unfairly. • Who was General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna? • Military and political leader who served as Mexican president during the Texas Revolution and Mexican-American War. • What does Santa Anna do to Austin when he comes to him with his requests for reform? • Jailed Austin for almost a year. • What happened in October of 1835? Were the Mexicans successful? • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Mexicans soldiers marched to seize the Texas cannon in Gonzales. Mexicans weren’t successful, beginning of Texas Revolution. In December, what did the Texans do to the Mexicans because of the attack on Gonzales? • Texans drove Mexican troops out of an old mission in San Antonio. What does Texas declare on March 1836? Whom fo they choose as their leader? • They declare Texas a free and independent republic. Sam Houston led the Texas Army. Who is Juan Seguin? Whose side is he on? • A Tejano in support of the revolt. Leads 25 Tejanos in the revolt, sides with Republic of Texas. Who are the two groups of men fighting for the Texans. Name leaders and how many men fo they lead? • James Fannin at Goliad, 300-400 men. • William Travis and James Bowie, 180 volunteers. Battle of the Alamo. • When? — February - March 1836 • How long? — 13 days. • Who wins and why? — Mexicans rush in after a siege and massacre Texan fighters. • Casualties — 60 Mexicans killed, 180-250 killed Texans. What happened to Texan troops at Goliad? • All executed by Mexican forces. Battle of San Jacinto? • When? — April 1836. • How long? — 18 minutes. • Texan battle cries — “Remember the Alamo.” & “Remember Goliad.” What does Texas gain as a result of this battle? • Independence. What does Texas become in December 1836? • Lone Star Republic. Who is their new leader? • Sam Houston. Does the US annex Texas? • Congress votes against annexation because they fear having Texas would unbalance Congress and may lead to war with Mexico. Who becomes the 11th president of the United States? Whom did he beat? • James K. Polk, he beat Henry Clay. What foreign country did the U.S. have land disputes with? Over what territory? • Land dispute with British over the Oregon Territory. Define and explain manifest destiny. Who coined the phrase? • • • • • • • • • • Ideology of continental expansion, Americans believe it’s their destiny to conquer the rest of the continent. John L. O’Sullivan coins the phrase in his essay promoting the annexation of Texas. How did Polk deal with the Oregon Territory? What was his slogan? • Advocated for annexation even with risk of going to war with Britain. “54-40 or Fight!” (References the latitude line of Oregon Territory.) Why did Mexico have a problem with the United States? • Mexico still claimed Texas as its own. What were the two rivers that were being disputed? How much land was it. • Mexicans claimed the border was at the Nueces River — a few square miles. • Americans claimed it was the Rio Grande — 100 miles distance. What did Polk offer to resolve this problem peacefully? What land did he want? • Sent John Slidell to offer Mexico 30 million dollars for Texas, California, and New Mexico. After Mexico turns down the offer, what did Polk do? • Sent Zachary Taylor to station 3,500 troops to stay. What treaty ends the war with Mexico? • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Why were many Mexicans unhappy with the war? • Many felt that U.S had provoked the war to gain territory. What did Mexico receive in the treaty? • Mexico gives 55% of its territory to America/ • Gains $15 million from the U.S. • The U.S agrees to pay debts that Mexico owed to American citizens. • The U.S also offers to protect 80k Mexicans living in Texas. Explain the Gadsden Purchase. Who made it? Where was it? • Agreement between U.S and Mexico to purchase a 29,670 square mile portion of Mexico (modern-day Arizona and New Mexico).