Immigration and Urbanization 13

CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT Two REASONS WHY IMMIGRANTS SETTLED IN CITIES URBAN PROBLEMS 1. HOUSING- 4. WATER- 2. SANITATION- 5. CRIME- 3. TRANSPORTATION 6. FIRE- SOCIAL GOSPEL MOVEMENT SETTLEMENT HOMES HULL HOUSE Boss BOSS TWEED TYPES OF GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION 1 . ELECTION FRAUD 2. GRAFT 3. KICKBACKS TAMMANY HALL PATRONAGE PENDLETON CIVIL SERVICE ACT 4. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS/SECTION 2 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS/SECTION 3 THE NEW IMMIGRANTS !Ji;, Imagine you are an Immigrant in New York City. What does the "American Dream" mean to you? Immigrants came to this country to seek a better life or escape difficult living conditions. What are four of these difficult conditions? a. b. ________ c. _______ d. _______ Where did the greatest number of Italian immigrants settle? During this period of American History (1870-1920) where were immigrants primarily from, three regions of the world and how did their experience differ? 1. 3. ------- 2. -------- What were the differences and the similarities between the two U.S. immigration centers? D s Prescott Hull said there were "right" and "wrong" countries that immigrants came from. Discuss these countries and his reasoning for labeling these countries as such. Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act Explain the Gentlemen's Agreement EC: Explain the meaning on the presidential seal "E Pluribus Unum" and how that relates to immigration. THE CHALLENGES OF URBANIZATION Explain the importance of Jacob Riis' work in regards to what he exposed. Why did Native-born Americans start the Americanization movement? Which of the four areas of New York City appears to have the most diverse population? Why do you think diversity occurred there? What general pattern of settlement do you notice? Why did many African-Americans move to Midwestern cities such as Chicago and Detroit? What kind of conditions did they find? Explain Tenement Housing Explain Settlement Houses What housing problems did urban working class families face and how did it affect people's health? EC Discuss on what basis do you think Jane Addams qualified for the Nobel Peace Prize POLITICS IN THE GILDED AGE Define Political Machine: In what ways did the structure of the political machine represent a pyramid? Why did immigrants support political machines? Directions: Define and give an example of the following terms Gilded Age: Graft: Patronage: Civil Service: Pendleton Civil Service Act: Boss Tweed created the biggest political machine of the era, nicknamed the Tammany Tiger. Explain how a cartoonist ended up bringing down this corrupt machine while editors, writers and journalists could not. Source: The page above comes from a play called "The Chinese Must Go:" A Farce in Four Acts by Henry Grimm, published in San Francisco, 1879. In just the first page, you will be able to see many of the common stereotypes of Chinese immigrants in the 191h century. Document B: Political Cartoon, 1871 If this document were your ONLY piece of evidence, how would you answer the question: 'Why did Americans pass the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act?' Source: The cartoon was drawn by Thomas Nast for Harper's Weekly, a Northern magazine. In this cartoon, we see Columbia, the feminine symbol of the United States, protecting a Chinese man against a gang of Irish and German thugs. At the bottom it says "Hands off-Gentlemen! America means fair play for all men." Document C: Workingmen of San Francisco (Modified) If this document were your ONLY piece of evidence, how would you answer the question: 'Why did Americans pass the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act?' We have met here in San Francisco tonight to raise our voice to you in warning of a great danger that seems to us imminent, and threatens our almost utter destruction as a prosperous community. The danger is, that while we have been sleeping in fancied security, believing that the tide of Chinese immigration to our State had been checked and was in a fair way to be entirely stopped, our opponents, the pro-China wealthy men of the land, have been wide-awake and have succeeded in reviving the importation of this Chinese slave-labor. So that now, hundreds and thousands of Chinese are every week flocking into our State. Today, every avenue to labor, of every sort, is crowded with Chinese slave labor worse than it was eight years ago. The boot, shoe and cigar industries are almost entirely in their hands. In the manufacture of men's overalls and women's and children's underwear they run over three thousand sewing machines night and day. They monopolize nearly all the farming done to supply the market with all sorts of vegetables. This state of things brings about a terrible competition between our own people, who must live as civilized Americans, and the Chinese, who live like degraded slaves. We should all understand that this state of things cannot be much longer endured. Document D: Autobiography of a Chinese Immigrant (Modified) If this document were your ONLY piece of evidence, how would you answer the question: 'Why did Americans pass the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act?' The treatment of the Chinese in this country is all wrong and mean... There is no reason for the prejudice against the Chinese. The cheap labor cry was always a falsehood. Their labor was never cheap, and is not cheap now.It has always commanded the highest market price . But the trouble is that the Chinese are such excellent and faithful workers that bosses will have no others when they can get them. If you look at men working on the street you will find a supervisor for every four or five of them.That watching is not necessary for Chinese. They work as well when left to themselves as they do when some one is looking at them. It was the jealousy of laboring men of other nationalities - especially the Irish-that raised the outcry against the Chinese. No one would hire an Irishman, German, Englishman or Italian when he could get a Chinese, because our countrymen are so much more honest, industrious, steady, sober and painstaking. Chinese were persecuted, not for their vices [sins], but for their virtues [good qualities]. There are few Chinamen in jails and none in the poor houses. There are no Chinese tramps or drunkards.Many Chinese here have become sincere Christians, in spite of the persecution which they have to endure from their heathen countrymen.More than half the Chinese in this country would become citizens if allowed to do so, and would be patriotic Americans.But how can they make this country their home as matters now are! They are not allowed to bring wives here from China, and if they marry American women there is a great outcry. Under the circumstances, how can I call this my home, and how can any one blame me if I take my money and go back to my village in China? Source: The passage above is from Lee Chew, "The Biography of a Chinaman," Independent, 15 (19 February 1903), 417-423. Timeline of Chinese Immigration and Exclusion 1848 Gold discovered at Sutter's Mill, California; many Chinese arrive to mine for gold. 1850 Foreign Miners' tax mainly targets Chinese and Mexican miners. 1852 Approximately 25,000 Chinese in America. 1854 Court rules that Chinese cannot give testimony in court. 1862 Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association forms. 1865 Central Pacific Railroad recruits Chinese workers; ultimately employs about 15,000 Chinese workers. 1869 First transcontinental railroad completed. 1870 California passes a law against the importation of Chinese and Japanese women for prostitution. 1871 Los Angeles: anti-Chinese violence; 18 Chinese killed. 1873 Panic of 1873; start of major economic downturn that last through the decade; blamed on corrupt RR companies. 1877 Chico, CA: anti-Chinese violence. 1878 Court rules Chinese ineligible for naturalized citizenship. 1880 Approximately 106,000 Chinese in America; California passes anti-miscegenation law (no interracial marriage). 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act: prohibits Chinese immigration (in one year, Chinese immigration drops from 40,000 to 23). 1885 Rock Springs Wyoming Anti-Chinese Violence. 1892 Geary Act-extends Chinese Exclusion Act. Name--------- Chinese Immigration and Exclusion: Graphic Organizer What factors contributed to the Chinese Exclusion Act? ] STEP 1: Read the timeline carefully. Write your HYPOTHESES for why the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in 1882. STEP 2: Read document A-D. For each, write any evidence you find for what led to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Based on this d ocument, why did many white Americans support the Chinese Exclusion Act? Document A: Play Document B: Nast Cartoon Document C: Workingmen speech Document D: Lee Chew's Autobiography In the space below, answer the following question: Why did Americans pass the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? Use evidence from the documents and the timeline. Immigration Decision Directions: read the following portfolios of each applicant for American immigration. l.Order from first choice to be allowed to immigrate to last choice in being accepted.(left hand margin) 2. Answer Questions1 and 2 at bottom. 3. Justify your reasoning with your group members on paper. 4. As a group come up with an agreed order(right hand Margin) 5. Does this choice correlate with your groups policy and/or your personal policy. 6. Answer question 3 at bottom. 7. How many of these 5 would you let in? ___ 8. How many of these cases would your group let in? ___ Immigration Case A : Mariano Ortizi , 45 years old. Poet Laureate. College graduate La Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Nicaragua, Leon . From Nicaragua and living in Leon. Married and father to two children. Multi-millionaire, well respected for his literary prose. Suffers from prostate cancer. Immigration Case B: Mohammed al-Qaim_, 14 years old. Refugee of worn tom former Iraq. Sunni parents have been executed by Shiites. Lives in Bagdad, speaks some English. High School Education. No family. Immigration Case C: Ping He, 24 years old. Has been jailed for protesting for human rights, wanting democracy in Communist China. Well documented that Chinese officials desire his permanent arrest and probable execution. Masters Degree in Economics from University of Oxford in Great Britain. Immigration Case D: Margaret Hymneir, 57 years old. Doctor in Nuclear Science member of the Swedish Communist Party. Well respected throughout the world for her work in computer technology. Native of Sweden and living in Goteborg. Has a family of 3, including two adopted children who are both under 18. Immigration Case E: Slavok Kaslivoski, 21 years old. High School Education. Right wing for minor Russian Hockey Team. Drafted in 2th round by Detroit Red Wings. Considered to be a possible foreign prospect of the NHL. Speaks no English . Has a large family living in Syktyvkar, Russia. G) What could be possible motivations for decisions made here? (%) What motivated your decision? @ How did your group decide and what motivated your group concerning choices.made? Name: ________--'---Period: __ Far and Away Discussion Questions 1. When Joseph awakens in the Christie home, what desire- common to most immigrants- is his main dream? 2. How does the Christie family's treatment of Shannon mirror America's cult of domesticity? 3. Why does ward boss Kelly send a boy to greet new arrivals in the harbor? 4. Why would the Irish tend to gravitate to the ward boss' social club? 5. What services does the ward boss provide Joseph and Shannon? 6. How does Shannon's exchange of insults with the floor manager reflect the power of employers over unskilled labor during the Gilded Age? 7. What would middle class Protestants have made of the activities of the Irish social club? Chapter 7: Immigrants and Urbanization Crossword Puzzle Across 1. Favoritism toward native-born Americans Urban transportation system (two words) 8. 10. West Indians and Mexicans came to U.S. to find this 11. West Coast immigrants included Chinese and 13. 14. 15. They left Russia to escape religious persecution Major source of organized anti-Chinese sentiment Term for U.S. social mix of cultures and races (two words) Down Form of transportation in San Francisco 2. Multifamily urban dwelling, often unsanitary 3. 4. Immigrants with goal to "fly" home wealthy (three words) Ending this was Pendleton Civil Service Act goal 5. Political ring leader who defrauded New York City 6. (two words) 7. Reform-minded president shot in train station 9. Term for opponent of spoils system reform Political influence for personal gain 12.