Chapter 4: Dispositional Perspective

KEEP CALM because I'm a PSYCHOLOGY STUDENT Dispositional Perspective Consistancy in actions, thoughts & feelings Issac's & Big 5 assments 2 approaches: emphasize existance of dispositions de focus trying to memoore sort better 1 human dis & Changes "Nature" istays same whole life Senduring motivational char. vary in 23 No 2 ppl same ; not even Nature Nurture strength from person to person identical twins Types, traits, & interactioniom Ppl divided into different catagories Is goes back to atleast 400 BC Chyppocrates) Sembellished by Balen ~150 AD Sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic, choleric Carl Jung Introverts: be alone, solitary activities, Stress withdraw into self Extroverts: be w/ others, stress seek out others Types & Traits Types: distinct & discontinuous antagories [Eysenck says "Super trait"] A: competitive, hostile, Derfectionist, impatient B: Patient, kind, calm, is what it is C: Worrues, anxious, cautious D: Hostile! Traitsi assumed ppl on different points on cont. urying dimensions & diff guant, not gual Nomothetic vs. Idiographic: trait views Nom: traits Same way in everyone. IDIO: everyone: unique Factor Analy narrowed to 16 traits. Stat. Computer prog. finds corr. between traito. if 2 qualities cour between many ppl, may reflect same trait Pattern cors show trait dimensions beneath meas gual. More complex version of corr. S Collect meas from lots of ppl Compute corr. factor extraction (narrows to smaller) S describe each by set of factor loadings Name it (Hardest part) F. Analy as tool 1. mult. reflections of personality to & set Mon Understandable 2. basis that some traits: I importance ex hostile is not caring. 3. help devel, more assessment tools Cattell "narrowed traits to 16. Reserved Warm Concrete-reasoning Plostaat-Reasoning Reactive Emotionally stable Deferential Dominant Serious Lively Expedient Rule-conscientious Shy Socially-bold Utilitarian Sensitive Trusting Vigilant Practical Imaginative Forthright Private Self-assured Apprehensive Open to change Traditional Group-oriented Self-reliant Toleates Disoader. Perfectionist Relavad Tense Eysenck Rycheficion "Des. Eqsenct personality (EPA, now CPQ-R(S) 5 factor model Gidence built for long time. Openness to miparience Tyros fringe Foule) CConscientia latin to world wound yea). Extension (epunt on heapelig Agness Clans, Coloral support) Neussticicum (emotional stability) 1985/1992 160920 What's the coor between self-reports & 20.36 Situationiom sit. Factors baharine aparmality Weak sit, indie diff, expressed assily eg.moice awal partner, oni, household you in Strong sit. dampen (surpress) expresion of uniqueness g. military, bowding School, Den school, highschal Indix diff in Comisty Selfumen? self man chamelems, flor al sit tself mengebom Verbal hedge : word /phrase limiting trait ability Weeds Motives Needs Basic elements: Need internal state due than satisfactory, waking swetting nasto for will being Henry Morsey "defured "need" as "an intemal directional force determining how ppl respond to objects or situations -1938 To Marry ppl ignore nads and overide them ex lack of seep & better grades Primary & secondary Prom: biological needs sex, food, drink, skep, ole Sez: needs to get us prom needs. to ex power, achievement, money, work nands are for particular things. create movement towards/away from something Motors Theorists "rands work though mohan" Need Clusters of cognitions (Fedlinge), seganized around experiences & zoals Are in thoughts preoccupations ex: need for goude misel seral sat section Ined the yers intimate relationships Press exteand infle. (motives infl be cattivalmenta to. Hand food motive banger and food not hungry press sermesme a good smelling food. motives strength rex need honger : 1. tump tov in needs sumas (time/sid) 2. pple var dignitional needs (personality) Murrey needs: needs, press, le motives colleagues lista medulerp se ares) "evenpre has some reads/diape of needaact of matice needs us ather munds Motive measure Morgan Muray (1935)-rents projected inte lopperepiand TAT:Set of pics we def answer. Self-report Latest mas non Need for down to do will, feel pleasure morning sintacles Achievement: persistance, has as if not done well next for When sly mostly had bars I need the middle Gungnosticity; haud much litem talk what ability relates to perzistance in face of failure, task pers, goudes on school antisions mest ers dove il males Power-Winker (1978)-motive impact on others, prestige, sting in others; friends who arent 1 porver Tpower reward dominance expressements from other disrupted by ↑ dan Express related to testostane men w/ T ponier = f physically nousive Irene respen conscinas much prestige la ser in socially and ways genere, ses explaiddion, akchal jidrog seme resp. preblematic aflision sttes