Energy Levels & Electron Configuration

ENERGY LEVEL DIAGRAMS & ELECTRON CONFIGURATION SCH4U https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-crack-quantum-physics-puzzle/ - We can display electrons in their orbitals through notation! - The trick is learning the format - Requires THREE principles Energy Level Diagrams Energy Level Diagrams 2 More you know already: He is filled after just 2 electrons 1st energy level, s orbital Ne fills its 1st energy level with 2 e - 2nd level filled with 8e 1st energy level, s orbital 2nd energy level, another s orbital AND 3 p type orbitals - Recall the first shell is filled after just 2 electrons -> s orbital - Shells after that can contain up to 8 electrons each* - Remember each orbital holds one pair of electrons - *Note what you learned about d and f orbitals complicates this after Calcium Energy Level Diagrams He 3 1s He The energy level The orbital being filled Energy Level Diagrams How do we name energy levels and their associated orbital configurations? 4 How do we name energy levels and their associated orbital configurations? Describe the orbitals in use, from lowest to highest What is the energy level? We need more space to describe them! Energy Level Diagrams __ __ What orbital is being filled? __ __ __ __ 5 - Each electron is added to the lowest energy orbital available - Note how orbitals on the same energy level compare! - An energy sublevel must be filled before moving to the next one Energy Level Diagrams 1) Aufbau Principle 6 - Each electron is added to the lowest energy orbital available 2, etc 2 2 2 6 10 6 In Gr 9/10/11, you were taught that every shell after the first can hold 8 electrons. Is that true? NOT TRUE! Energy Level Diagrams 1) Aufbau Principle 7 2) Pauli Exclusion Principle - Electrons sharing an orbital must have opposite spins 1 electron Full orbital - No two electrons in an atom may have the same set of quantum numbers Energy Level Diagrams Empty orbital 8 - Among orbitals with the same energy, one electron is placed into each before the 2nd is added - Spread out the electrons as much as possible horizontally before doubling up Energy Level Diagrams 3) Hund’s Principle 9 Let’s try some examples! 2) Neon Sulfur 3) 4) Sodium Ion Titanium Energy Level Diagrams 1) 10 S,p,d,f blocks Electron Configurations 12 1s He 2 The energy level The orbital being filled New: The number of electrons occupying the orbital Quantum Numbers: Electron Configurations Naming Electrons Configurations 13 He 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2+2+4=8 electrons 4 Quantum Numbers: Electron Configurations When there are more shells, name them too! 14 1s 2s 2p 2 2 4 Quantum Numbers: Electron Configurations He Therefore Oxygen’s electron configuration is written as: 15 Shorthand Use the noble gas that appears immediately before the element He 16 Shorthand Ca Configuration: Calcium’s Configuration (20e-): 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 2 2 6 2 6 2 [Ar] 4s2 Practice Electron Configurations 1) 2) Neon Magnesium 3) Gallium 4 (a) Aluminum 4 (b) Aluminum Ion Quantum Numbers: Electron Configurations Write the long and short-form configurations for each of these elements: 17 Practice That’s it! 1) Textbook p. 191 # 3 and 4 —----------------------------------2) Worksheet —----------------------------------3) Gizmo (next week) —---------------------------4) Magnetism Assignment (future) 18 THANKS! 19 CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo , including icons by Flaticon , and infographics & images by Freepik Please keep this slide for attribution.