CNA Final Exam Guide

CNA FINAL EXA An acute illness is A sudden illness from which the person is expected to recover Persons living in nursing centers are called residents The nursing team involves the following except Doctors You have an important role in meeting standards and in the survey process. You must do the following except Interview patients and family The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 is a Federal Law OBRA requires retraining and/or new competency evaluation for persons who Have not worked as a nursing assistant for 2 years Does a nurse have to delegate a task to you? No. The nurse makes delegation decisions that are best for the person A nursing assistant is also an EMT who works for the fire dept. In her EMT role, she is allowed to start IVs. On the weekend, she works as a nursing assistant at a nursing center. The RN asks her to start an IV on a resident. What should the nursing assistant do? Politely refuse to do the task and explain why Unlawful restraint or restriction of a person's movement is False imprisonment You see a nursing assistant hitting a resident. What should you do? Tell the nurse Work ethics mean Behavior in the workplace You should wear a wristwatch that Has a sweep hand Treating the person with dignity is Respectfulness A nursing center wants to hire you. Which is NOT required? A photo You see two health team members talking quietly to each other. You tell your co-worker what you overhear. This is Gossip You need to talk to the nurse about a patient or resident. Where should you do this? In private Before leaving the unit for a break, you need to Tell the nurse A patient's care is assigned to Sally. The patient needs to use the bathroom. Sally is on a meal break. Who will help the patient? Any staff member on the unit will help Which will NOT protect patients, residents, and you from harm? Making excuses or blaming others for your actions Stress is The response or change in the body caused by any emotional, physical, social, or economic factor Which of the following are used to record frequent measurements or observations? Flow sheets When should you report changes in the person's condition? At once These statements are about charting, Which is incorrect? You can chart a procedure before completing it When charting, you should record Safety measures performed Messages sent through facial expressions, gestures, posture, and body movements is Body language Which is correct? Calling patients and residents by their titles (Mr./Mrs./Ms./Dr.) promotes dignity and shows respect You can help a new resident fel safe and secure by Listening to the person's concerns Family and friends usually help meet the person's Love and belonging needs Which is a common response to illness and disability Anger You ask a patient a question. You should Give the person time to process what you asked Which is important when communicating with persons who are disabled? Your attitude The process of cell division in called Mitosis The point at which two or more bones meet is a Joint 1/9 Which is NOT a main part of the brain? Spinal cord Another name for the trachea is the windpipe Which separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity? The diaphragm The process of breaking food down physically and chemically for absorption and use by the body is Digestion Digestion begins in the Mouth The stomach is located in the Upper left part of the abdominal cavity (LUQ) The urinary system Removes waste products from the blood Too little thyroid hormone results in the following EXCEPT Too much sugar in the blood The rate of growth and development is the same for each person False Which is a developmental task of adolescence Accepting changes in the body and appearance During middle adulthood several physical changes occur. Which is CORRECT? It is common to need eyeglasses Geriatrics is The care of aging people Why is the ability to sense heat, cold, and pain reduced in older persons? The skin has fewer nerve endings Older people usually need a shower or bath Twice a week Older people often complain about how food tastes. This is because Taste buds decrease in number An older person may have swallowing difficulties because of Less saliva Men may have difficulty urinating because the Prostate gland enlarges The need to urinate at night is reduced if the person Drinks most fluids before 1700 Paralysis and loss of sensory function in the legs and lower trunk is Paraplegia To correctly identify the person before giving care, which is cor- Check identifying information in the assignment sheet with that on rect? the ID bracelet A patient is receiving continuous oxygen. The person wants to smoke. Which is correct? Smoking is not allowed where oxygen is being used The safe use of electrical equipment involves the following except Standing in water When transferring a person to or from a wheelchair The wheels must be locked These statements are about preventing falls. Which is incorrect? You can borrow a residents wheelchair for another person Bed rails are considered restraints if the person cannot lower them without help True Restraints are used When other measures fail to protect the person Restraints are used to Treat medical symptoms These statements are about restraints. Which is incorrect Restraints decrease confusion and agitation Which is a restraint? A chair with an attached tray table A resident keeps trying to pull out her feeding tube. Which restraint is the least restrictive? Mitt restraints Mitt restraints prevent Finger use Items are sterilized in An autoclave A person has protection against a certain disease. The person has Immunity Sterile means The absence of all microbes To control the spread of microbes, you should do the following except Shake linens and equipment to remove dust Which of the following will not control portals of entry? Wiping from the rectum to the urethra 2/9 Clean gloves have contact with clean sheets. Which statement is correct? The gloves and the sheets are still clean Always practice Standard Precautions in home settings True Which is incorrect about masks? They are NOT reusable A gown is needed for isolation precautions. The gown is removed Before leaving the room Double bagging is needed when The outside of the bag is soiled When giving bedside care. the bed should be Raised so it is close to your waist To use good body mechanics, you should do the following except Bend at the waist To protect yourself from injury, it is best to Avoid lifting whenever possible Regular position changes Help prevent pressure ulcers and contractures A resident is in bed. How often is the person repositioned At least every 2 hours The nurse asks you to position a patient in the lateral position. The position is A side-laying position The surfaces rub together. This is Friction A resident has weakness on her left side. You are transferring her from the bed to the wheelchair. Where should you position the wheelchair? Next to the bed on her right side A transfer belt is not needed to transfer a resident from the bed to Place your hands under the person's arms and around her shoula chair. For the transfer, how should you hold onto the person? der blades You are going to transfer a resident from the wheelchair back to bed. Where should you position the wheelchair? On the person's strong side The nursing center has a new mechanical life. Which statement is correct? You need to be trained in its use A patient has slid down in the wheelchair. The person cannot assist with repositioning. To safely reposition the person A mechanical lift is used Symptoms are Subjective data Information that you can see, hear, feel, or smell is Objective data Which vessels carry blood away from the heart? Arteries You give wrong information on a job application. This is Fraud Being dependable means the following except Being eager to learn Persons needing respite care Are admitted to nursing centers for short stays A person is in a coma. This means that the person Cannot respond to others The musculoskeletal system does the following except Helps regulate body temperature A resident's son is visiting. Which will NOT protect the residents privacy Exposing the residents body in front of her son The white of the eye is the Sclera After water is absorbed from chyme, the remaining semi-solid material is called Feces Your work is causing you stress. What should you do? Talk to the nurse Who helps patients, residents, and families with social, emotional, and environmental issues affecting illness and recovery? The social worker An assisted living residence Provides three meals a day and housekeeping and laundry services Which of the following should you report to the nurse? Red-colored urine A man is going to use the urinal. What should he do when he is done? Hang it on the bedrail These statements are about incontinence. Which is incorrect? It is a matter of personal choice A resident has a catheter. Catheter care is given According to the care plan 3/9 Persons with catheters need perineal care Daily and after bowel movements When giving catheter care, you need to hold the catheter at the Meatus Defecation is The process of excreting feces from the rectum through the anus Flatus is Gas or air passed through the anus Which foods are needed for normal bowel movements Fruits and vegetables Which does not slow the passage of feces through intestines Exercise and activity You are assisting a resident with elimination. You ned ot do the following except Stand next to the person until the person is finished A resident complains of diarrhea. The person needs assistance with ambulation. When the person's signal light is on, you need to Answer promptly A person has fecal incontinence. The following measures are part of the care plan. Which should you questions? Empty ostomy pouch when feces are present A patient complains of flatulence. The person has the following food choices. Which does NOT cause flatulence? Potatoes You do not administer an enema that contains A drug After giving an oil-retention enema, the person is left in the Sim's or left side-lying position These statements are about colostomies. Which is incorrect? The more colon remaining, the more liquid the stool Which vitamin is needed for blood clotting? Vitamin K OBRA requires the following for foods served in long-term care centers EXCEPT That food be prepared and seasoned in a certain way Food must be served Promptly A person is on a high-calorie diet. Which is CORRECT? There are dietary increases in all foods A person's 24-hr fluid intake was 1500 mL. You know this amount Is below normal requirements Defrosting frozen food on the counter at room temp. prevents the growth of pathogens False Giving nutrients through a catheter inserted into a vein is Parenteral nutrition After a tube feeding, the person is positioned in semi-fowler's position for 1 to 2 hours All states and agencies allow nursing assistants to change peripheral IV dressings False The period of heart muscle contraction is Systole A resident is 55 years old. The person needs rehabilitation after hip replacement surgery. You take the person's tympanic membrane temperature. Which measure is correct? 98.6 You are taking an oral temperature with a glass thermometer. How long do you have to leave the thermometer in place? 2 to 3 minutes You are taking an axillary temperature with a glass thermometer. How long do you have to leave it in place? 5 to 10 minutes To rinse a glass thermometer, you need to use Cold water A person is receiving oxygen. When measuring temperature, you CANNOT use the Oral site A person in unconscious. When measuring temperature, you CANNOT use the Oral site A person has a convulsive disorder. When measuring temperature, you CANNOT use the Oral site To take a rectal temperature, the person needs to be In Sim's position For an adult, which pulse rate is reported to the nurse at once? 110 The rate is given but not the rhythm or force 4/9 Your agency uses electronic BP equipment. Why do you still need to feel pulses? How many staff members are needed to take an apical-radial pulse? 2 Which systolic pressure should you report at once? 80 You cannot hear a person's BP, if after taking it again. What should you do? Tell the RN Why is pain usually worse at night? There are fewer distractions and the person has more time to think These statements are about pain. Which is INCORRECT? The ability to feel pain increases with aging The nurse assesses that a resident has pain. The following measures are on the person's care plan. Which should you question? Do not allow visitors A resident has pain. The person is taught how to breath deeply and slowly and how to contract and relax muscle groups. What is this called? Relaxation You are admitting a new patient. To find out the person's name Check the admission form You are admitting a new resident. You should do the following EXCEPT Discuss the person's diagnoses and medical history Melena is A black, tarry stool The nurse asks you to collect a random urine specimen. Which is CORRECT No special measures are needed The nurse asks you to collect a 24-hr urine specimen. Which is CORRECT The first void is discarded When collecting a sputum specimen, the person coughs up sputum from the Bronchi and trachea Oral care before collecting a sputum specimen involves Rinsing with clear water A person fell and fractured his right hip. He is scheduled for surgery in the morning to repair the fracture. This is Urgent surgery You will help prepare the person for surgery. Your role involves Explaining the care you will give You assist with pre-operative personal care. Which is CORRECT? Makeup, nail polish, and fake nails are removed before surgery A surgical consent is signed When the person understands the information given by the doctor A person wears elastic stockings. Which is INCORRECT? The person sits up in the chair while the stockings are off A pressure ulcer is called the following EXCEPT A stasis ulcer A wound has separated. Abdominal organs are protruding through the wound. This is Evisceration Phlebitis is Inflammation of a vein Any injury caused by unrelieved pressure is A pressure ulcer An open wound made by a sharp object is A puncture wound Which statement about skin tears is INCORRECT? Skin tears usually occur over a bony area Persons at risk for pressure ulcers are repositioned every 1 to 2 hours An open wound on the foot caused by complications from diabetes is A diabetic foot ulcer Bleeding stops and a scab forms during the Inflammatory phase of wound healing Which is NOT a purpose of wound dressings? Prevent moisture Which is not a purpose of wound dressings? Promote arterial and venous circulation Binders are applied to the following areas EXCEPT The arms and legs Binders do the following EXCEPT Prevent infection When heat is applied, the skin is Red and warm Which is a dry-heat application Aquathermia pad 5/9 The nurse delegates a hot compress to you. To maintain temperature, the nurse might ask you to Apply an aquathermia pad over the compress During a sitz bath, you need to carefully observe the person for Weakness and faintness You are going to apply an aquathermia pad. Which statement is INCORRECT? Pins are used to secure the pad in place An aquathermia pad is not placed under a body part because Heat cannot escape The following devices are filled with crushed ice EXCEPT Cold compress A warming blanket is needed. After placing it on the bed, it is covered with A sheet Bloody sputum is Hemoptysis Aging affects oxygen needs in the following ways EXCEPT Body temp. increases The doctor ordered the following. You can assist with Collecting a sputum specimen Pulse oximetry is ordered. Which is NOT a sensor site Chest A resident is in the orthopneic position. How can you increase the person's comfort? Place a pillow on the table Which can cause part of a lung to collapse? Mucus collecting in the airway A person is receiving oxygen therapy. Connecting tubing must be Free of kinks Blood in the pleural space is Hemothorax Artificial airways are used To keep the airway open Suctioning is done when The person cannot cough up secretions Chest tubes are attached to A drainage system You observe bright red drainage from a patient's chest tube. What should you do? Tell the nurse at once Angina is Chest pain A resident has emphysema. The person is likely to be most comfortable in Orthopneic position Which statement about pneumonia is INCORRECT? Affected alveoli are enlarged and less elastic A patient has pneumonia. What color is the sputum? Depends on the cause A resident has problems finding her room, the bathroom, the dining room, and so on. Which of the following might help her? Picture signs The nurse delegates applying a hot compress to you. How often should you check the application site? Every 5 mins. A hot pack has cooled. What should you do? Change the pack A resident gets the house diet. Which is CORRECT? The person has no dietary limits or changes Respirations are usually counted After taking the pulse Narcotics affect oxygen needs because they Depress the respiratory center in the brain Aspiration is Breathing of fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs bending the foot down at the ankle is Plantar flexion Internal rotation is turning the joint Inward Supination is turning the joint Upward Syncope is Fainting The act of walking is Ambulation The doctor ordered trochanter rolls for a patient. The trochanter rolls prevent The hips and legs from external rotation The doctor ordered a bed cradle for a resident. The bed cradle Keeps top linens off the feet Which exercises are done to the ankle Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion 6/9 When ambulating a person you stand To the side and slightly behind the person's weak side A prosthesis is An artificial replacement for a missing body part Which statement about restorative aides is correct? They are nursing assistants with special training in restorative nursing and rehabilitation skills What is stressed during rehabilitation? What the person is able to do Activities of daily living refer to Self-care A resident is paralyzed from the waist down. You would expect the person to learn to use A wheelchair You are feeling frustrated because a resident's progress is slow. You feel like the person is not trying. What should you do? Discuss your feeling with the RN Tumors that do not spread to other body parts and usually do not grow back when removed are Benign A person has CA. Surgery is done to Remove the CA or tumor Persons receiving chemotherapy are at risk for the following EXCEPT Hot flashes and blood clots A patient has CA. You find him crying in his room. What should you do? Use touch and listening to communicate that you care Signs and symptoms of AIDS include the following EXCEPT Warts and blisters on the genitals, discharge from the vagina or penis, and intense itching Arthroplasty is The surgical replacement of a joint A person has a fracture. The bone is broken but the skin is intact. The person has A closed frature A person has an open fracture. The bone has com through the skin. This is also referred to as: A compound fracture Warning signs of stroke include all of the following EXCEPT Sudden, severe chest pain and SOB A pt had a stroke. When does rehabilitation being? At once Which is NOT a sign or symptom of osteoarthritis? Fractures A resident has osteoarthritis. The person is most likely to have joint pain With weight-bering and joint motion A resident has osteoporosis. The person's care plan includes the following. Which should you question? Promote bedrest- turn and reposition gently Skeletal traction is applied to The bone A resident fell in the shower and fractured his right hip. He is back at the nursing center after surgery to repair the hip. You know that he is at risk for the following post-operative complications: Pneumonia, UTI and thrombi in his leg veins A patient has a fractured right hip. How is the leg positioned? Abducted at all times A resident's left leg was amputated. The person complains of pain in the left leg. This is Phantom limb pain Tissues die and become black, cold, and shriveled. This is Gangrene Bile is stored in the Gallbladder Hepatitis B, C, and D are spread by Contaminated blood IV drug users are at risk for all the following types of hepatitis EXCEPT Hepatitis E Hepatitis C is particularly dangerous for all the following reasons EXCEPT Contaminated water can affect many people Persons with diabetes need Good foot care Which statement about UTI's is NOT true? Microbes are normally present is the urinary system Cystitis means A bladder infection Cystitis is usually treated with Antibiotics and fluid 7/9 A resident had a transurethral resection of the prostate. The person's care plan includes the following. Which should you question? Restrict fluids to 1000 mL each day Signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure Involve every body system Stres is The response or change in the body caused by emotional, physical, social, or economic factor A stressor is An event or factor that causes stress When does personality start to develop? At birth You admire the way a nurse dresses and style her hair. You try to do the same. Which defense mechanism are you using? Identification You forgot to assist a resident with ambulation. You tell the nurse that you have to much work to do. Which defense mechanism are you using? Rationalization A husband asks his wife for a divorce. She starts sucking her thumb. Which defense mechanism is she using? Regression Schizophrenia involves all of the following except Obsessive-compulsive behaviors and severe mood swings Infant-like behavior may occur in: Schizophrenia Drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disease in which the person has an overwhelming desire to take a drug True Over time, heavy drinking of alcohol damages the brian, CNS, liver, heart, kidneys, and stomach True Dementia is The loss of cognitive function that interferes with routine personal, social, and occupational activities Pseudo-dementia is A false dementia Cognitive function involves all of the following EXCEPT The senses and mobility Which statement about acute confusion is NOT true It is usually permanent You are attempting to communicate with a confused resident. You know you should do all of the following EXCEPT Avoid touch A resident is confused. You know all of the following measures will Remove the person's eyeglasses and hearing aid to prevent loss help improve the functioning EXCEPT or breakage Which is not an early warning sign of dementia Hallucinations A resident has AD. The person has the following behaviors. Which has the greatest risk for danger? Wandering A resident has AD. She tends to wander. Her care plan includes the following. Which should you question? Explain to her why she cannot go outside A patient has AD. The person often screams a word in a foreign language. You know the screaming is The person's way of communicating A person has AD. The person often screams a word in a foreign language. Possible causes of screaming include the following EXCEPT Depression and aging A resident is in end stage AD. As death nears, the person ay need Hospice care A patient has AD. The person is trying to tell you something. What should you do? Let the person speak. Do not interrupt or rush the person A person has AD. Which can offer the person's daughter support and encouragement> An Alzheimer's support group A developmental disability is A disability that occurs before 22 years of age The goal for persons with developmental disabilities is Independence to the extent possible Persons with Down Syndrome usually need the following EXCEPT Wheelchairs and braces Children with autism usually Have tantrums for no apparent reason 8/9 Spina bifida develops During the 1st month of pregnancy Sex is The physical activities involving reproductive organs Which statement about sexuality is CORRECT It involves the whole person Mr. Porter is a resident. His wife now needs nursing center care. OBRA requires that Mr. and Mrs. Porter share the same room if they wish to Which will NOT promote the baby's safety? Shaking powder directly over the baby Disposable diapers are Discarded in the trash You are providing circumcision care. You should do the following EXCEPT Use warm water and germicidal soap A new mother needs time for herself True What happens with sudden cardiac arrest? The heart and breathing stop suddenly and without warning Another term for convulsion is Seizure What is used to open the airway during cardiac arrest? The head tilt-chin lift method To give effective chest compressions to an adult, you need to Depress the sternum 1 1/2 to 2 inches You should start CPR only if the person Is not responding, is not breathing, and has no pulse Which is the proper position for CPR? You kneel next to the person. Your arms are straight and your shoulders directly over your hands. Your hands are on the sternum. You are performing 2-rescuer CPR on a 6yr. old. Two rescue breaths are given after every 15 compressions A defibrillator is Used to deliver a shock to the heart when a person is in ventricular fibrillation Which does NOT signal internal bleeding? Rising BP A brain disorder in which clusters of brain cells sometimes signal abnormally is Epilepsy A person is having a seizure. Which is INCORRECT? Position the person supine The following are at high risk for burns EXCEPT Young and middle-age adults A person has suffered burns. You should do the following EXCEPT Remove clothing that sticks to the skin The examination of the body after death is Autopsy Why do adults often resent death? It affects plans, hopes, and dreams A person was told that she has CA and that it cannot be treated. The person insists the reports are wrong. What stage of dying is the person in? Denial A resident is dying. When communicating with the person, which is INCORRECT? Speak loudly A resident is dying. The person's care plan includes the following. Which should you question? Maintain semi-fowler's position Which is an Advance Directive? A living will Signs of death include the following EXCEPT The pupils constrict 9/9