World History Unit 1: Foundations

AP World History Unit 1 Practice Test This philosophy established the idea of filial piety as a metaphor for society. a. Daoism c b. Legalism c. Confucianism d. Buddhism The spread of Greek culture throughout the eastern Mediterranean and Southwest Asia is known as: a. Grecophilia d b. Golden Age c. Pax Romana d. Hellenism The start of sedentary agriculture started in ______ first but developed independently in other areas a. China d b. Americas c. Indus River Valley d. Mesopotamia Bureaucrats from non-aristocratic groups who were trained in Confucianism would have most likely have been in which dynasty? a.Han a b.Zhou c.Qin d.Shang Over time, this structure intensified in its rigidity and began to differ from region to region. a.Hinduism d b.Buddhism c.Hellenism d.Caste System Who begins the Pax Romana, a period of Roman power and prosperity? a.Pericles c b.Julius Caesar c.Augustus Caesar d.Marcus Aurelius 1/9 In early China, cultural integration and unity were provided by which development? a.a common system of writing and speech a b.a rigid social structure c.written guidelines of behavior d.a bureaucracy Buddhism is DIFFERENT from Hinduism in all of the following ways EXCEPT: a.The belief that all people are unequal d b.Attitudes towards conversion c.Number of branches and divisions d.Belief in reincarnation Greek philosophers, like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, placed an emphasis on what concept in order to understand human nature? a.narcissism c b.hedonism c.rationality d.aesthetics Which of the following is an accurate statement about the writing system in Zhou China? a.The earliest form of Chinese writing was the pictograph b.Chinese writing contrasted with other early writing systems in that it originally included an alphabet a c.The Chinese writing system was less complex than other early writing systems d.Chinese writing was closely associated with merchants and long-distance trade Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Indus River Valley civilization and civilization in Ancient Egypt? a.The Egyptian economy was more complex than that in the Indus River Valley b.Egyptians worshipped mother goddesses but the people of the Indus River Valley did not c.Scholars have had more difficulty in deciphering the writing system of the people of the Indus River Valley d.Cities in Egypt were larger than cities in the Indus River Valley Which of the following civilizations was politically organized into city-states? a.Greece 2/9 c b.Rome c.Han China a d.Persia An important difference between civilization in early China and early Mesoamerica is that in China a.Civilization centered on river valleys but civilization in Mesoamerica did not b.Social hierarchies were more authoritarian than in Mesoamerica a c.Priests had more political power than in Mesoamerica d.The economy was more dependent on agriculture than in Mesoamerica The Roman Empire, Han China, and Gupta India differed from the earliest civilizations that emerged before 600 BCE in that they had: a.More contact with nomads a b.Access to trade with the Americas c.Writing systems d.Authoritarian government structures Which of the following pairs of ancient civilizations put the most emphasis on secularism? a.Greece and Gupta India d b.Persia and Rome c.Mauryan India and Rome d.Greece and Han China The Roman Empire contrasts with most other ancient civilizations in its: a.Degree of social inequality b.Emphasis on the role of the gods in shaping human affairs c c.Dependence on slave labor for many types of economic activities d.Problems with defending borders from nomadic invasions Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about the rule of Shi Huangdi? a.The first fortifications of the Great Wall were built b.Laws and currencies were standardized to apply across regional states c.He mandated that one version of Chinese script be used all over the empire d.He was one of the most popular leaders in Chinese history 3/9 d What two things provided cultural continuity for India throughout their political turmoil in the classical period? a.Hinduism and the caste system a b.Caste system and Buddhism c. Hinduism and agriculture d. Caste system and agriculture This was a key political tenet of Shi Huangdi and Qin rulers. a.centralization of power b. trade a c.Confucianism d.bureaucratic power Unlike this group in Classical China and India, in Greece and Rome this group was considerably freer in that they could control property and be active in small family businesses. a.Women a b.Farmers c.Slaves d.Traders Throughout - and largely a result of - the decline of the classical civilizations, an increase is visible in all of the following EXCEPT: a.Christianity b b.Greco-Roman paganism c.Buddhism d.Islam Unlike Mesopotamia, Egypt retained this throughout most of its history. a.an effective method of irrigation d b. a coherent system of writing c.metal tools d.a unified political state This war/series of wars proved that Rome had organized and powerful rivals that could - and did - oppose Roman expansion in the area. a.Persian War d b.Peloponnesian War c.Periclesian War d.Punic War 4/9 All of the following played a major role in disrupting classical civilizations EXCEPT: a.Nomadic invasions, like those by the Xiongnu and the White Huns d b.Epidemics c.Weak leadership d.Increasing dependency on central governments In Chinese tradition, the Mandate of Heaven refers to: a.Chinese hatred of merchants b.Belief in many gods d c.Eternal authority of a ruling dynasty d.Divine blessings of the rule of an emperor The Zhou Dynasty ended after: a.The Era of the Warring States. b.Three Kingdoms Era a c.The Yellow Turban Rebellion. d.Shandong Peninsula Flood During the classical era in India, all of the following occurred EXCEPT: a.The ox-drawn plow was invented. a b.The concept of zero was invented. c.Indians developed a university. d.Spherical shrines to Buddha, called stupas, were erected In comparison to the Hindus, Jews, and Chinese, in terms of religion the Greeks: a.developed a compassionate system similar to Buddhism c b.avoided portraying gods with human characteristics c.never developed a major long-lasting religion d.most resembled Hinduism's polytheism with its caste system All of the following led to Rome's collapse EXCEPT: a. Unstable leadership from weak rulers b. High taxes and inflation d c. Droughts, famines, and plagues d. Invasions from the Carthaginians Roman culture: 5/9 a. Owed a great deal of its diversity to trade with China. b. Borrowed heavily, especially from Greek culture. b c. Influenced heavily the culture of Africa and Southwest Asia. d. Developed in relative isolation. Which of the following had the highest social status in Han China? a. Priests b. Merchants d c. Skilled artisans d. Scholar-gentry The Roman Empire and Han China were similar in that both had: a. Huge landholdings with long borders to defend b. Large numbers of slaves to build roads and public buildings a c. Harmonious relations between peasants and landowners d. Weak central control over the diverse people they ruled A significant challenge in creating strong empires in Ancient India was the subcontinent's a. Lack of strong religious traditions b b. Political fragmentation based on different kinship groups c. Long-lasting ties to Persia d. Lack of navigable waterways In contrast to early travel on the Mediterranean sea, travel on the Indian Ocean required: a. Larger and more numerous oars c b. Square sails c. Lateen sails d. Routes that followed shorelines In China, Confucianism emphasized the idea that: a. equality should exist among all members of society b. salvation could be attained by prayer, meditation, and good deeds d c. individual goals should be placed ahead of the needs of the group d. societal harmony could be achieved by the proper behavior of each member of the family/society How might settlements in the Neolithic Age affect birth rates? a. There was no effect. 6/9 b. There was no effect on birth rates but a decrease in death rates. c. There was an increase in birth rates due to security and food supply. c d. There was more disease, so birth rates stayed very low. What statement defines the dynastic cycle? a. Chinese governments ruled based on the power of a single family. b. While at first militarily powerful, as a dynasty came to depend more on Confucian scholars than generals, it became weaker militarily and would eventually fall to foreign invasion. d c. Chinese government depended upon economic growth to sustain power, and as the economy declined, based on cycles, so too did the dynasties. d. Initially a Chinese government enjoyed prosperity and economic growth, but over time corruption, internal disasters, and external invasions all eroded a dynasty's power. Identify the important original contribution of the Jewish culture to the civilizations in the Middle East and Mediterranean during the Classical Period a. Monotheism a b. Written legal code c. Phonetic alphabet d. Priest caste Buddhism spreading to China is an example of: a. A Golden Age b. Hellenism c c. Cultural Diffusion d. Syncretism Which of the following led to a more reliable food supply, specialization of occupation, and the development of a formal social hierarchy? a. Complex governments b b. Adoption of agriculture c. Development of metal tools d. Growth of complex, organized religion What did the River Valley civilizations have in common? a. All were connected by a strong trade network by 2500 BCE b b. All centered economic life on navigable rivers c. All raised rice as the main staple crop 7/9 d. All had highly centralized governments Early hunter and gatherer societies differed from early agricultural societies in that hunter and gatherer societies were: a. Less likely to be characterized by gender inequality a b. More likely to require more hours of work per person c. More likely to practice polytheism d. Less likely to base division of labor on gender Early agriculturalists differed from early pastoralists in that agriculturalists: a. Were able to domesticate animals d b. Had plows whereas pastoralists only had digging sticks c. Relied less heavily on hunting and gathering d. Usually settled in one place The change to an agriculturally based economy as a result of the Neolithic Revolution A. was gradual as it took hundreds or thousands of years B. developed in one part of the world and spread from there a C. was universally accepted throughout the world D. had little impact on the environment E. led to a decrease in the population The development of agriculture led to an increase in population because A. farming was much less labor intensive than hunting and gathering B. the stable food source allowed for more permanent homes and larger families b C. farming provided a healthier diet than hunting and gathering D. hunting and gathering was an extremely dangerous lifestyle E. the nomadic way of life ended worldwide Pastoral nomads are similar to settled farmers in that they both A. grow crops B. domesticate animals b C. settle into larger communities D. have job specialization E. have a written language 8/9 All of the following are characteristics of early civilizations EXCEPT A. diverse people B. job specialization e C. social stratification D. trade E. representative government The Egyptians were to the Nile as the Chinese were to the A. Tigris B. Euphrates c C. Yellow D. Indus E. Ganges All of the early river valley civilizations were A. city-states B. polytheistic b C. law-givers D. superstitious E. in Europe The period 8000 BCE to 600 CE is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A. development of agriculture B. the growth in world population e C. the use of metal technology D. the development of writing E. the use of gunpowder technology filial piety respect shown by children for their parents and elders 9/9