Eyes and Vision 1 – Seeing Color Gizmo Answer Key

Name: Valerie Faulkner Date: 07-03-2022 Student Exploration: Eyes and Vision 1 – Seeing Color Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes. Vocabulary: absorb, cyan, magenta, primary color, prism, reflect, spectrum, secondary color, transparent Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) Look at the two photographs. In the top photo, red light is shining on the apple. In the bottom photo, green light is shining on the same apple. 1. What do you notice about the two pictures? the bottom is blue apple with a green background, while the top features a red apple. 2. Why do you think the same apple looks red in one photo and nearly black in the other? In the top and bottom, red light reflects, while green light is absorbed. Gizmo Warm-up The eye is one of nature’s most amazing inventions. In the Eyes and Vision Gizmo, you will explore how the eye sees. The first lesson, Seeing Color, focuses on the light that enters the eye. 1. On the LIGHT tab, drag the white The Ugly Duckling book from the shelf onto the stand. Check that the Light mode is White. A. What color of light is hitting the book? white B. What color of light is reflecting, or bouncing, off the book? grey C. What color of light is entering the eye? white D. Turn on Show what the eye sees. Does the eye see the book? yes 2. Turn off Show what the eye sees. Click on the light to turn it off. A. Is any light reflecting off the book now? no B. Turn on Show what the eye sees. Does the eye see the book now? Activity A: Colors of Light no Get the Gizmo ready: ● Remove The Ugly Duckling book from the stand. ● Select the Color light mode. Introduction: Eyes are designed to detect light. If no light gets in, the eye can’t see. In this activity, you will learn that the colors you see come from light. Question: What are the colors of light? 1. Observe: The image shows white light going through a solid, triangle-shaped piece of glass called a prism. What happens to the white light? it was mirrored on all surfaces. The colors you see (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet) are called a spectrum. White light is actually a mixture of all colors. The prism separates white light into these colors, just like rain droplets separate sunlight into the colors of a rainbow. 2. Observe: The Gizmo shows three colored lights. These colors are called the primary colors of light. What are the three primary colors of light? blue red green 3. Explore: Click the blue light to turn it off. What color do you get from mixing red and green light? yellow (Note: Mixing light is not the same as mixing paint.) 4. Explore: When primary colors are mixed, secondary colors are made. A. Magenta is a pinkish color that looks like this: Which two colors of light combine to make magenta? red and blue B. Cyan is an aqua color that looks like this: Which two colors of light combine to make cyan? green and blue 5. Observe: Now turn on the red, green, and blue lights. What kind of light is produced where all three light colors come together? a white light At the start of this activity, you learned that white light can be separated into different colors. White light can also be made by combining equal amounts of red, green, and blue light. These ideas will help you understand why different objects appear to have different colors. Activity B: Get the Gizmo ready: Reflected light ● With Color mode selected, turn off all three lights. Introduction: When light hits an object, several things can happen. If the object is transparent, like glass, the light will go right through it. If the light doesn’t pass through, it can either be reflected from the surface or it can be absorbed by the object. Question: Which light colors are absorbed by an object, and which colors are reflected? 1. Create a hypothesis: So far, you have learned that white light is a mixture of different colors. What do you think is happening when we see a red apple? Light passes to the retins to communicate with the brain when viewing colors. The surface is sending (or reflecting) waves with red wavelengths, which is why we perceive the red of the appel. and then taking in the remainder. 2. Observe: Drag Red Riding Hood in the stand, and turn on the red light. A. Is the red light reflected or absorbed by the book? The red/green components are absorbing. B. Turn off the red light and turn on the green light. Is the green light reflected or absorbed by the book? absorbed C. Now try the blue light. Is blue light reflected or absorbed? D. Turn on all three lights. What do you see? absorbed a white light E. Change to the White light mode. Recall that white light is a mixture of red, green, and blue light. What do you think is happening when white light hits the red book? With the exception of the red component, it absorbs all the colors of white light. 3. Predict: Think about what might happen if you did the same experiment with a blue book. A. Which colors of light will be absorbed by the blue book? green and red B. Which color of light will be reflected by the blue book? blue C. Think about a green book. Which light colors will be absorbed? magenta D. Which color of light will be reflected by the green book? green 4. Experiment: Select the Color light mode. Experiment with the blue Blue Beard book and the green The Frog Prince book. After you turn each color on and off, fill in which colors were absorbed and reflected by each book. Blue Beard Absorbed: red and green Reflected: blue The Frog Prince Absorbed: red and blue Reflected: green Do these results agree with your prediction? yes 5. Summarize: Highlight “absorbed” or “reflected” to fill in each blank. If the light color is the same as the object’s color, the light will be _absorded______by the object. absorbed reflected If the light color is different from the object’s color, the light will be_reflected_____ by the object. absorbed 6. Explain: Think about the apple in different colors of light. Why does the apple appear red in red light, and nearly black in green light? Due to the red hue of the apple, a green light that is focused at it is absorbed. The apple will appear black if there is no light on it since there is nothing for it to reflect. 7. Summarize: In general, why do objects have color? Because they both reflect and absorb light. reflected Activity C: Mixtures of light Get the Gizmo ready: ● With Color mode selected, turn on all three lights. Introduction: Some colors are mixtures of light. What happens when light hits objects that are mixtures of colors? Question: How do objects that are mixtures of colors absorb and reflect light? 1. Think about it: It’s a hot summer day. Your mom tells you not to wear a black shirt because you will get too hot. Why is it better to wear a white shirt than a black shirt when it is hot? because a white shirt will reflect light, whereas a black shirt will absorb it and make you hotter. 2. Predict: Remember that yellow light is a combination of red and green light. A. Which color do you think will be absorbed by a yellow book? white B. Which colors do you think will be reflected by a yellow book? black 3. Experiment: Drag Goldilocks to the stand. Turn each light on and off. Which color is absorbed? blue Which colors are reflected? blue and red 4. Observe: Select Show what the eye “sees” and turn on only the red light. Why does the yellow book appear red? because it's reflecting red. Turn off the red light and turn on the green light. Under green light, why does the yellow book appear green? It reflects green light. 5. Predict: Predict the colors of light that will be absorbed and reflected by the cyan book and then the magenta book. (Hint: Cyan is blue-green and magenta is red-blue.) Cyan book Absorbed: blue and red Reflected: blue and green Magenta book Absorbed: blue and green Reflected: red and blue 6. Experiment: Test your prediction using the cyan book (The Little Mermaid) and the magenta book (The Three Little Pigs). Were your predictions correct? yes 7. Predict: Which colors do you think will be absorbed and reflected by the white book, The Ugly Duckling? Absorbed-red green, reflected-blue green Try it out with the Gizmo. What did you find? Reflected: red uv, green blue, and uv - absorbed: green blue, green uv, and green 8. Predict: Which colors do you think will be absorbed and reflected by the black book, Cinderella? absorb all colors Try it out with the Gizmo. What did you find? The book didn't reflect any colors, only absorbed them all. 9. Explain: A pure black surface will absorb all the colors of light and won’t reflect any light. A pure white surface will reflect all the colors and won’t absorb any light. How does this explain why you shouldn’t wear a black shirt on a hot day? because it says that a white surface will reflect heat while a black surface will supposedly absorb all of it. 10. Summarize: Based on what you have learned, explain why different objects appear to be different colors. because colors reflect and absorb light differently.