Chapter 9 The Market Revolution

Chapter 9: The Market Revolution A New Economy Vocabulary to define: Turnpikes, Steamboat, Erie Canal, cotton gin, Cotton Kingdom. Turnpikes:toll roads constructed by localities, states and private companies Steamboat:Paddlewheelers that could travel both up and down rivers in deep or shallow waters, they became commercially viable early in the nineteenth century and soon developed into America’s first inland freight and passenger service network. Erie Canal:Most important and profitable of the canals of the 2820s and 1830s; stretched from buffalo to albany, new york, connecting the great lakes to the east coast and making new york city the nation’s largest port. Cotton Gin:Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793, the machine separated cotton seed from cotton fiber, speeding cotton pro- cessing and making profitable the cultivation of the more hardy, but difficult to clean, short-staple cotton; led directly to the dramatic nineteenth-century expansion of slavery in the South. Cotton Kingdom: the cotton producing states of the deep south, specifically, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas, The Market Revolution A New Economy: What were the main elements of the market revolution? 1. Introduction: a. What were the 3 historical processes that were unleashed by the Revolution and accelerated after the War of 1812? I.The spread of market relations vigorous political democracy. Ii. The westward movement of the population Iii.And the rise of a vigorous political democracy. 2. A New Economy: a. What were the main elements of the Market Revolution? Transportation, Mechanization, and Commercial Farming, specifically through the invention of the Steamboat, telegraph, canal, and railroad. These innovation opened new land to settlement, lowered transportation costs, and made it easier for economic enterprises to sell their products. b. How does Foner describe the technology, and transportation during the colonial era (Pre-Market Revolution)? c. Why was the early life of Abraham Lincoln a good example of the “Pre-Market Revolution” America? Give 3 specific examples 1.Hunted for their food and made their own clothing 2.Traded goods at some local market with neighbors 3.worked for neighbors in exchange for certain things d. Why would transportation times be important to the national and international economy? The faster transportation is, the more productive the economy is, more goods can be transported back and forth e. Draw a brief picture of the following technologies and chart their importance. Turnpike: Toll roads Why was this a significant invention? Significantly increased the speed and quality of Transportation Steamboat: Steam powered boats that traveled up and down rivers Why was this a significant invention? Proved to be a useful method of commercial and passenger transportation along rivers. Reduced the cost and time of transportation 3. The Erie Canal a. What two bodies of water did the Erie Canal connect? The great lakes to the atlantic ocean, specifically through the hudson river b. How do cities like Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse spring up as a result of the Erie Canal? The canal attracted an influx of farmers migrating from New England, giving birth to Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse. c. Which city grew the most due to the Erie Canal? Why? New York City, it provided a direct route from New York to cities in the midwest, triggering large-scale commercial and agricultural development, combined with immigration. d. The Federal government spent $60 million internal improvements (canals, roads, turnpikes) yet how much did the states spend? The states spent somewhere 600 mil, ten times the amount of the federal government. e. How many more miles of canals were built after the Erie Canal? 3000 miles, cities went bankrupt, trying to emulate New york's success through canals. f. Why was the railroad an improvement over canals and roads? Railroads, didn't have to follow the course of a river, gave more direct routes, and could be used year round, as the canals froze during the winter and were unusable g. What impact did the telegraph have on communication? It revolutionized long distance communication, shortened the time in which people were able to communicate, as before communication across the country would take weeks or months, transmitting messages through electric signals. 4. The Rise of the West a. How many people went across the Appalachians between 1790 and 1840? 4.5 Million people b. How many new states came into the union in that time? Six states, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Alabama, Mississippi, and Maine c. While few people moved west alone and most travelled in groups, what areas did they model their new society after? New England d. How did the Federal government help spur on westward movement during this time period? They federally funded many of these projects and supported, even encouraged westward expansion. 5. The Cotton Kingdom a. The market revolution and westward expansion occurred simultaneously. As people from the North moved west, what kind of economy did they bring with them? The north centered on factories producing cotton textiles with water-powered spinning and weaving machinery ii. As people from the South moved west, what kind of economy did they bring with them? A cotton based economy, driven by slavery b. What product was in high demand by the factories in the North? Cotton i. How did Eli Whitney’s cotton gin create a demand for Western lands? The cotton gin made large-scale growing profitable, encouraging southerners to move westward to grow more cotton. i. 6. The Unfree Westward Movement a. What impact did the cotton gin have on the institution of slavery? The cotton gin, although making production more efficent, it significantly increased the demand for both slavery and land. b. What statistics back up the assertion that cotton became the most important cash crop? In between 1793 to 1820, the crop production increased from 5 million pounds to 170 million pounds