Pharmacology Table

Pharmacology Drug Examples of Classification: Medication: Major Side Effects Major Adverse Effects Nursing Consideration s M injection deeply and slowly in large muscle mass. Monitor for signs of bleeding. Monitor for hepatic dysfunction Patient Teaching NSAID ASA Ibuprofen Naproxyn Na Dizziness Drowsiness Tremors Headache Tinnitus Blurred vision Nausea/ vomiting Anorexia Diarrhea Constipation Flatulence Cramps Seizures MI Stroke GI bleeding Hepatic failure Nephrotoxicity Hematuria Angioedema Non-opioid Acetaminophen Drowsiness or stimulation, rash or urticaria Hepatotoxicity Check liver and kidney function Antidote: Acetylcysteine Teach signs and symptoms of monitoring for liver failure Take as directed and check other OTC medicines before taking Opioid Morphine Demerol Hydromorphone Hydrocodone Constipation Sleepiness Nausea/Vomiting Itching Confusion Anorexia Respiratory depression Orthostatic hypotension Increased Administer before pain reaches its peak to maximize Do not crush extended release tablets. Drink 8-10 (8 ounce) glasses of fluid each day, Eat foods high in fiber Report blurred vision, tinnitus as toxicity may occurring Avoid driving, other hazardous activities if dizziness/drowsiness occurs Avoid alcohol, salicylates, other NSAIDS Discard nasal bottle within 24 hours of opening intracranial pressure Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors Penicillin N/V Diarrhea Stomatitis vaginitis Cephalosporin Agent(s) Common: 1st:cefazolin sodium (Ancef); cephalexin (Keflex) Nausea/ vomiting Anorexia Rash Headache effectiveness. Monitor vital signs for signs of hypotension and respiratory depression. I&O Check bowel sounds for decreased peristalsis. Have naloxone (Narcan) available for overdose Bone Marrow Administer on depression empty Glomerulonephritis stomach with Leukopenia water Anaphylaxis Monitor I/O CBC Increased bleeding Culture Nephrotoxicity effected area Bleeding Report any Leukopenia adverse Neutropenia reaction Take medicine with water Notify HCP: Fever, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea Take meds with food Keep out of reach of children Advise use of probiotics Report signs of any 2nd: cefaclor Flatulence (Ceclor) Flushing 3rd: cefixime (Suprax);ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 4th: cefepime (Maxipime) Vancomycin Dry mouth Muscles cramps Diarrhea Nausea/vomitin g Abdominal cramping Headache Flushing Hypotension Tachycardia superinfections Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Anaphylaxis Monitor peak and trough levels. Infuse over at least 60 minutes on an infusion pump. Monitor BUN and Creatinine levels. Increase fluids to 1500-2000 mL per da .I&O, Daily weight Baseline hearing test recommended Monitor for Drink adequate fluid Report Dizziness Report Ringing in the ears Report Bloody urine “red man syndrome” Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Tetracycline: Doxycycline Minocycline N/V Abdominal Pain Discoloration of teeth Color vision changes Macrolides: Azithromycin GI discomforts: N/V Epigastric pain Aminoglycoside: Tobramycin Neomycin Streptomycin Confusion Numbness N/V Depression Vertigo Nephrotoxic Hepatotoxic Anaphylaxis Photosensitivity Hyperglycemia Superinfections Prolonged QT interval Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Monitor: VS Liver function Kidney function I/O Avoid antacids and calcium products Monitor Hearing Dizziness Vertigo Dysrhythmias Liver function test Avoid milk, antacids, and iron products Take liquid form through straw Avoid sun and use sunglasses Monitor BUN/Cr I/O Hearing loss Ringing in ears Pt to report Headache or dizziness Drink plenty of fluids Take on an empty stomach Avoid direct sunlight Resp depression Muscles Weakness Metabolism Inhibitors Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim DNA Synthesis Inhibitors Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin N/V Headache Rash Diarrhea Flushing Dizziness Photosensitivity Diarrhea Abd pain N/V Dizziness Drowsiness Headache Sleep disturbance Nephrotoxicity Hyperkalemia Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Anaphylaxis Increase fluids Monitor CBC Monitor I/O BUN/CR Assess for anemia Take on empty stomach with 8 oz water Use another form of birth control if applicable Superinfections Cardiotoxicity Tendon rupture Photosensitivity Monitor: I/O BUN/Cr Store medications away from heat sources Take with full glass of water Take with food STOP taking if swelling in joint or pain Avoid sunlight Avoid antacids Notify any signs of allergic reaction