352 Answers About Linux+

Final Exam Prep 1. The apropos list command produces the same results as which command below? - man -k list 2. The United States Air Force was able to install Linux on a popular gaming console and then connect over 1,700 of these systems together to work as one big supercomputer. Which of the following types of technologies did they implement? - clustering 3. Which of the following is a special group that provides its members with the ability to run the su and 4. commands? - wheel 5. In Fedora 20, what journaling database system has replaced the logging system used to record the messages normally stored within the boot.log, messages, and syslog files? - journald 6. Which of the following files holds the configuration information for GRUB Legacy on Ububtu Linux systems? - menu.lst 7. What service provides a method for the efficient transfer of files over the Internet? - FTP 8. What is the path to where the journald.conf file is located? - /etc/systemd/journald.conf 9. Which of the following types of cloud platforms would a webmail service offered to the general public be considered? - SaaS 10. Which of the following environment variables can you change the value of to set the default printer on a Linux system? (Choose two) - PRINTER - LPDEST 11. What command can be used to check different kinds of filesystems on Linux for errors? - fsck 12. What metacharacter can be used to issue two commands to be run in consecutive order, without piping or redirecting output? - ; 13. In addition to /eetc/localtime, some Linux distributions also havve an /etc/timezone text file that contains a reference to the correct time zone file contained in which directory? - /usr/share/zoneinfo 14. Which of the following is the log file where Dandified YUM writes its log entries? - dnf.rpm.log 15. Which of the following file extensions are used by the Debian Package Manager? - .deb 16. Which of the following is a valid APIPA address? - 169.254.38.101 17. What is the complete path and filename of the file where ports and their associated protocols are defined? - /etc/services 18. Levi wants to run 5 commands sequentially, but does not want to create a shell script. He knows that each command is going to take approximately 20 minutes to run individually. However, he would like to go to lunch 15 minutes from now. He knows that he can type all of the commands on the same line and separate them with a certain character to run them sequentially. Which character can he type after each command to have them run one after the next without requiring further input from him? - A semicolon 19. Which of the following commands can be used to modify configuration options for DPM packages after they have been installed? - dpkg-reconfigure 20. Which of the following results would be created by the command sequence: echo 'apple banana carrot dog elephant' | while read a b c; do echo result: $c $b $a; done - carrot dog elephant banana apple 21. Which of the following files is where the default runlevel is set on some Linux systems? - /etc/inittab 22. Which of the following commands will prompt to convert an MBR partition to GPT, thus destroying all existing MBR partitions on a disk? - gdisk 23. Which of the following can be used to synchronize the time between a number of Linux servers and workstations on a network with a time clock source on the Internet? - NTP 24. You have started a job running in the background that you want to now bring to the front so that you can watch it execute. Which of the following commands can be used to display the job's output to the terminal? - fg 25. Which of the following commands will display the current CPU(s) detected by a Linux system? - cat /proc/cpuinfo 26. You have run the top command successfully, but realize that the 'q' key on the keyboard has suddenly stopped working. What is another way that you can exit out of the top program? - ctrl+C 27. Which of the following files in a binary file that contains the rules for calculating the time based on your time zone relative to epoch time? - /etc/localtime 28. If enough unique letters of a dictionary name have been typed, what key can be pressed to activate the BASH shell's completion feature? - Tab 29. - Which of the following can be used to mount a filesystem? (Choose all that apply) A filesystem label A device path such as /dev/sdb2 A filesystem UUID 30. What Linux distribution is the most commonly used distribution within organizations today? - Red Hat 31. Which of the following can be used preceding a command to prevent a process from terminating when the parent process terminates? - nohup 32. Which of the following is responsible for starting tasks and services during boot, stopping them during shutdown, and supervising them while the system is running? - Upstart 33. After logging into a terminal, a user will receive an interface known as which option? - Shell 34. What PostgreSQL command-line utility backs up PostgreSQL database settings? - pg_dump 35. In order to create and manage KVM or Qemu virtual machines, a Linux system must have which of the following installed? - libvert 36. Which of the following can be used to compare the hardware clock to the system clock, writing a new result to a new line every 10 seconds? - hwclock -c 37. When issuing the ls -F command, what special character indicates a linked file? - @ 38. Which command can be used to create a new command that will monitor the contents of auth.log as they get added to the file? - alias showauth='tail -f /var/log/auth.log' 39. What filei n the /proc directory contains a list of memory address ranges reserved for device use? - ioports 40. Select the utility below that will start and perform a thorough check of RAM for hardware errors when run - memtest86 41. Which of the following commands can be used to trace an IPv6 route? (Choose two) - tracepath6 - traceroute6 42. Which of the following commands can be used to create and activate a swap partition on a Linux system? (Each answer represents part of the whole) - mkswap /dev/sda6 - swapon /dev/sda6 43. If you suspect that you have bad blocks on a filesystem, which of the following commands can be used to try and repair the filesystem? - fsck 44. Using the syntax below, what command will create directories named one, two, and three? - xargs 45. The SUSE and openSUSE Linux distributions use an alternative to yum but that provides the same functionality. What is the name of the command they use? - Zzypper 46. Which of the following commands will show a number of environment variables that start with LC_? - locale 47. Which of the following does Click Assist do? - Simulates a right click by holding down the left mouse button 48. A government office wants to secure a few of its Linux systems so that they can only use certain USB devices. After plugging in a USB device, which of the following commands could be used to detect certain identifying information that can be used to only allow that type of USB device? - lsusb 49. Which of the following commands can be used to display general hardware information for the entire system? - lshw 50. Which of the following commands should you use to specify that you want to use Git for version tracking on them? - Ggit add 51. Which of the following commands can be used to back up files in case of system failure, supports long filenames, and can also back up device files? - cpio 52. When connecting to a host via SSH for the first time, the user is prompted to accept the encryption fingerprint for the target computer which is stored in _________________ in the ~/.ssh/ directory - Kknown_hosts 53. Which of the following commands will not interpret regular expressions, which translates into faster results being returned? (Choose all that apply) - grep -F - fgrep 54. Which of the following commands can you use to send a print job to printer1? (Choose all that apply) - lp -d printer1 mydocument.txt - lpr -P printer1 mydocument.txt 55. Which of the following commands allows a standard user to execute a single command as root without actually switching to the root account? - sudo 56. Which of the following results from the nmap command would let an administrator know that they have an insecure service running on a Linux server? - 23/tcp open telnet 57. What file in the /proc directory contains information about a computer's CPU? - /proc/cpuinfo 58. Which of the following can be used to graphically remotely administer a Linux machine? - VNC 59. - Which of the following commands will shut down a Linux system? (Choose all that apply.) telinit 0 shutdown -h now poweroff 60. You want to determine whether your Linux workstation was able to get assigned an IP address from the DHCP server once you connected it to the network. Which of the following legacy commands might help you determine this? - ifconfig eth0 61. Nicholas wants to verify whether a file is a hard link to a file within the same directory. Which of the following commands could he use to see information that would be helpful to make this determination? - ls -i 62. Which of the following commands can be used to view the quota for a user? - edquota -u jsmith 63. Which of the following represents stderr at the command line when used for redirection? - 2 64. Mike has changed directory into one subdirectory after the next and has lost track of where he’s at in the directory tree. Which of the following commands can he use to tell him the full path to the current subdirectory he is in? - pwd 65. The subdirectory newdir does not currently exist in the current directory that you are in. Which of the following commands will create a new directory named newdir and then change into that directory? (Choose two.) - mkdir newdir && cd newdir - mkdir newdir; cd newdir 66. Which of the following commands can be used to display the current locale of a system? (Choose two.) - locale - localectl 67. Which of the following is a virtual filesystem that is made up of virtual files that a Linux operating system is able to export information to about kernel sub-systems, hardware devices, and device drivers to make it easy for users to access the information? - sysfs 68. What two Linux distributions utilize the Debian package manager by default? - Linux Mint - Ubuntu Linux 69. Which of the following commands will show the current user cron jobs that have been created for the currently logged in user? - crontab -l 70. Which of the following states describe a process that is waiting for a parent process to release its PID? - Zombie 71. Which of the following is a protocol originally developed by Cisco that uses TCP to handle authentication, authorization, and accounting services? - TACACS+ 72. Which of the following is the default window manager used by the GNOME version 3 desktop environment? - Mutter 73. Which of the following directories is created by default when an ext2, ext3, or ext4 filesystem is created on a device that is used by the fsck utility? - /lost+found/ 74. Which of the following options for the command will attempt to use the gpg agent and if it cannot will ask for a passphrase? - --use-agent 75. Which file should be configured so that quotas are enabled at boot time? - /etc/fstab 76. Which of the following terms describes a type of useful and legitimate software that is distributed by a developer where they do not charge for the software but also do not distribute the source code along with it? - Freeware 77. Select the command that can be used to provide a long listing for each file in a directory: - ls -l 78. Which of the following commands can be used to scan a filesystem for disk usage, create, check, and repair quota files? - quotacheck 79. Which of the following commands can be used to recursively search through the directory tree in search of a file that meets a set of given criteria instead of using an indexed database? - Find 80. In which directory would a system administrator store scripts that should be run monthly by the cron daemon? - /etc/cron.monthly 81. Which of the following would be the results of running the command seq 7? - 1 through 7 being displayed one number per line. 82. On a system running NetworkManager, which of the following commands can be used to view or modify connection information? - nmcli 83. Which of the following commands can be used to terminate a process by the process name? - pkill 84. Which of the following key combinations, commonly used in the vi editor command mode, displays current line statistics? - Ctrl+g 85. Which of the following can be included in a shell script to ask the user to type in a password and then store it in the variable named $password? - read -s -p "Please enter the password: " password 86. Which of the following commands will display the number of seconds that have elapsed since January 1, 1970? - date +%s 87. What file under the proc directory contains information regarding what modules are currently loaded into the Linux kernel? - Modules 88. Which of the following commands will install a package using the Red Hat Package Manager, showing all information, while printing pound signs to show the progress of installation? - rpm -ivh packagename.rpm 89. Which of the following commands can be used to force udev to reload new rules from the /etc/udev/rules directory? (Choose all that apply.) - udevadm control -R - udevadm control --reload 90. Which of the following permissions would show for a symbolic link when displayed with the ls -l command? - lrwxrwxrwx 91. Which of the following umask settings will result in new files receiving the default permissions -rw-------? - 0177 92. If someone tries to log into a system using a daemon account, but the daemon account does not have a valid shell assigned to it, they would normally see a standard warning. If you want to customize the error, which of the following files can you put a message in that will display upon an attempted login? - /etc/nologin.txt 93. Which of the following commands can be used to recursively search a directory tree for files that meet a certain criterion without using a database or premade index of files? - find 94. Which of the following commands will display a list of Systemd units sorted by the time they took to load? - systemd-analyze blame 95. Which command should you run after installing a new kernel module to update the module dependency database? - depmod 96. Which type of CM software can connect to inventory members via SSH to perform configuration management activities? - agentless 97. Callie wants to make sure that a filesystem is checked every 20 days. Which of the following options, when used with the tune2fs command, would set a full filesystem check to run every 14 days? - -i 14d 98. Which of the following types of joins will return a record from two intersecting tables only if there is a match on the joining field from both tables? - INNER JOIN 99. Which of the following packages should be installed in order to integrate certain authentication functions with Microsoft’s Active Directory? - kerberos 100. Which of the following accessibility features simulates simultaneous key presses when two keys are pressed in sequence? - Sticky keys 101. Which of the following commands can be used to schedule very frequent recurring tasks, such as running once every minute? - Cron 102. Which of the following commands can be used to remove a group from a Linux system? (Choose all that apply.) - delgroup - groupdel 103. Which of the following is used on modern Linux distributions that reads YAML configuration files to add apps, modify existing configuration settings, or perform administrative tasks at boot time? - Ccloud-init 104. If a Linux system is running as a virtual machine, it may be using a bridge for the virtual network adapter within the virtual machine to the physical network adapter. Which of the following commands can be used to view or modify the bridge configuration used by the Linux kernel for your network adapter? - brctl 105. Jim wants to rename a directory for a project that he has been working on. Which of the following commands can he use to perform that action? - mv projectx projecty 106. The output of the ifconfig shows a HWaddr expressed in hexadecimal. How many bits is the hardware address shown made up of? - 48 107. Which of the following are true of the echo command? - All the other options are true 108. Which of the following hashing algorithm commands reduces the chances of collisions due to the bit length of the message digest? - sha256sum 109. The System Log Daemon, rsyslogd, creates a socket for other system processes to write to. What is the path to this socket? - /dev/log 110. Which of the following is the log file where the Debian Package Manager writes entries for actions taken and packages installed? - dpkg.log 111. Which of the following can be used for comparing values within an if statement? (Choose two.) - -lt - = 112. What is the most commonly used LAN protocol? - TCP/IP 113. Which of the following commands will send a process’s resources to /dev/null to kill the process for process ID 1357? - kill -9 1357 114. Which of the following permissions should a standard user have on the /etc/shadow file? - None of the above 115. Clint has run the command parted /dev/sdb and wants to display a list of the existing partitions that exist on that drive. Which of the following commands can he use to display the existing partitions? - Print 116. Which of the following files contains the encrypted passwords for users on a modern Linux system by default? - /etc/shadow 117. Which of the following commands will allow an administrator to edit the list of permissions assigned to a user wanting to run the sudo command? - visudo 118. Jackson wants to automatically mount a secondary internal hard drive when his Linux workstation boots up. In which of the following files should he configure an entry for the partition on the drive that he wants to mount? - /etc/fstab 119. What command can be used to display the contents of a file that was compressed with the - zcat compress utility? 120. What DNS resource record type is used to provide the IP address for the e-mail server for a zone? - MX 121. Where does the sudo command check to determine a user’s privileges when they attempt to run the sudo command? - /etc/sudoers 122. How many times will the following loop execute as part of a script: #!/bin/bash COUNTER=0 while [ $COUNTER -lt 7 ] do echo “hello world” done - Until ctrl-c is used to terminate it 123. When experiencing a network issue, you want to determine where the source of the problem is. Which of the three following commands can be used to determine whether there is an issue with a router in the normal route that the packets are attempting to take? - mtr - tracepath - traceroute 124. What command is used to display the lineage of a process by tracing its PPIDs until the init daemon? - pstree 125. Which of the following will invalid entries in the GRUB2 configuration cause? - Kernel panic and halt the system 126. Which of the following is the default desktop environment used by Linux Mint? - Cinnamon 127. What option can be used with the ps command to display an entire list of processes across all f, including daemons? - -e 128. Which of the following commands can you use to list users who have been locked out by pam_faillock.so? - failock 129. Which of the following commands will return one result of where the grep binary executable is located? (Choose two.) - which grep - type grep 130. Which of the following commands will allow the root user to switch to another user account without having to enter that user account’s password? - su 131. Which of the following statements should be used at the end of a SQL statement where an aggregate function such as SUM or COUNT is used? - GROUP BY 132. A calendar for the current month can be shown on the command line by issuing which command? - cal 133. Which of the following commands can be used to see files that are currently being used by a specific process ID (PID)? - lsof 134. Which of the following commands will list the time zones available on a Linux system? - timedatectl list-timezones 135. What command is used to manage a software RAID configuration after installation? - mdadm 136. Under the root directory in Linux, which directory contains system commands and utilities? - /usr 137. What would be the result of running the command chown :root file1.txt - This would set the group ownership of file1 to root. 138. Which of the following commands can be used to create and manage a software RAID configuration after installation? - mdadm 139. Which of the following commands will delete a directory and all of the files contained within it? (Choose all that apply.) - rm -rf olddir 140. Which of the following server roles does Apache perform? - Web server 141. If the mkfs command is executed to create a filesystem and only the block device name is specified, which of the following filesystems will be created? - ext2 142. If a Linux installation ends abnormally and the screen displays a fatal signal 11 error, what type of error has occurred? - Segmentation fault 143. Which of the following is the default option for the kind of keys to be generated when using the gpg --gen-key command? - RSA and RSA 144. Which of the following commands will count down from 10 to 1? - seq 10 -1 1 145. Which of the following is required as a separate partition in order to use LVM? - /boot 146. Which of the following commands will show the current runlevel along with the previous runlevel? (Choose all that apply.) - runlevel - echo $RUNLEVEL 147. Sandra needs to obtain the latest image of Fedora so that she can install it as a virtual machine on her Windows workstation. Which of the following file formats is Sandra likely to find available for download from Fedora’s website in order to allow her to use the file as the source for booting and installing Linux as a VM? - iso 148. Which of the following commands will list the BIOS information about a device when it cannot otherwise be detected by a Linux system? - dmidecode 149. Which of the following commands will display the print jobs in the print queue for printer1 only? - lpstat -o printer1 150. Which of the following commands when run from the /, or root, directory will return a very long list of many pages of results? - du 151. Which of the following can be used to show the block devices on a Linux system? (Choose two.) - lsblk - ls /sys/block 152. Which of the following commands can be used to display socket information out to the terminal screen? - ss 153. Emily accidentally created a new user account on the wrong server. Which of the following commands could she use to delete the account she created? (Choose all that apply.) - deluser - userdel 154. Which of the following commands will display messages that were displayed during the boot sequence by the kernel? - dmesg 155. Which of the following entries could be added to the rsyslog.conf configuration file to have all syslog messages displayed to console 10? - *.* /dev/tty10 156. Select the regular expression metacharacter that matches 0 or more occurrences of the previous character. - * 157. When using the vi text editor, which of the following keys, when in command mode, will move to the last line in the document? - G 158. You have set up a TFTP server to support PXE booting of several workstations. Which of the following protocols would this setup make use of? - UDP 159. An alias has previously been created named showauth. Which of the following commands can be used to get rid of that alias? - unalias showauth 160. Which of the following is the highest value that can be set for the nice value which would result in a greater chance of a lower priority? - 19 161. When using the vi text editor, which of the following keys, when in command mode, will change to insert mode and place the cursor at the end of the current line? - $ maybe? (or A) 162. Which of the following is the keyword that should be listed after the hosts statement in the /etc/nsswitch.conf file so that the system will consult the /etc/hosts file to resolve a name to an IP address? - files 163. Which of the following commands can be used to update the last modified timestamp on a file, or if the file specified does not exist will create the file? - touch file.txt 164. Which of the following commands can be used to show the block devices, including their major and minor numbers, on a system which are located in the /sys/block directory? - lsblk 165. To ensure that Linux has detected the correct amount of RAM in the system after installation, you should view the contents of what file in the proc directory? - /proc/meminfo 166. What command looks for a Makefile and uses the information within it to compile the source local hardware architecture? - make code into binary programs using the f compiler program for the 167. Which of the following can you use to start network daemons in order to limit which computers are allowed to connect to the network service? - TCP Wrapper 168. Which of the following SQL statements can be used to delete a table from a database? - DROP TABLE table_name 169. Which of the following is the first field of the /etc/passwd file? - username 170. Which of the following will take output from a command and append it to the end of a file? - >> 171. What argument can be used with the chmod command to add read permission and remove write permission for a group on a file? - g+r-w 172. Which of the following commands will prompt you to answer a series of questions to help determine which time zone file you should use? - tzselect 173. Which of the following ports would be used to resolve a domain name to an IP address? - 53 174. The iptables software on Linux is an example of what kind of software? - firewall 175. Which of the following is a type of software that allows a piece of hardware to host multiple operating systems? - Hypervisor 176. What metacharacter indicates background command execution? - & 177. Which of the following commands can be used to install the latest versions of all packages currently installed on the system from the sources configured in sources.list? - apt upgrade 178. Which of the following utilities will allow you to view information about virtual memory usage on a Linux system? - vmstat 179. Which of the following does the -r option for the gpg command specify? - Encrypt for the user id given 180. On a system running SysV init, which of the following files can you edit to disable the ability to reboot by using the Ctrl+Alt+Delete key combination? - /etc/inittab 181. Which of the following commands will display all files and directories within the /var/log directory or its subdirectories which are owned by the root user? (Choose two.) - find /var/log -user root 182. Which of the following files does a TCP wrapper check before starting a network daemon? - /etc/hosts.allow - /etc/hosts.deny 183. Which Linux command can be utilized to display your current login name? - whoami 184. Which of the following can you use to configure firewall rules for IPv6 on a Linux system? - ip6tables 185. Dustin runs a command at the command line trying to find out what kernel version the system is running. However, it does not give him the information he needs. He knows there is an option that can be used to display the kernel version. How can he find out which option to use? - man uname 186. When looking at the password-auth file on a Fedora system, you notice part of the syntax that says dcredit=3. What is the significance of this part of the configuration? - Users must use at least 3 characters as numbers in their passwords 187. Which of the following commands will generate a new initramfs? - dracut - mkinitrd 188. In Linux, the core component of the GUI is known as: - X Windows 189. To display a text file in reverse order, what command should be used? - tac 190. Which of these commands will set the following permissions on file1.txt? User = Read, Write, Execute Group = Read, Execute Others = Read - chmod u=rwx, g=rx, u=file1.txt - chmod 754 file1.txt 191. A system administrator wants to allow most users to be able to run cron jobs, but wants to specifically prevent a couple of users from doing so. Which of the following files could the administrator edit to disallow these users from creating cron jobs? - /etc/cron.deny 192. Which of the following will the split command do on a file when no other options are specified? - It will split a file into new equally sized files that are 1/10th the original size 193. Kate wants to compare two text files to identify what might have been changed from one version to another. Which of the following commands can she use to do this? - diff document1.txt document2.txt 194. Jo has received a text file which contains multiple instances of his name spelled correctly as well as multiple instances spelled as Joe. Which of the following commands would search a text file for any occurrences of either spelling and display them out to the terminal? (Choose three.) - grep "Joe*" document1.txt - grep -E "Joe*" document1.txt - grep -E "Joe?" document1.txt 195. At the vi command mode prompt, what key combination will force a quit from the vi editor without saving changes? - q! 196. In which of the following directories can you place files that will be copied to new user directories when new users are created? - /etc/skel 197. Which of the following is a valid SQL statement for adding a new row of data to a SQL database table? - INSERT INTO users(firstname, lastname) values ('George', 'Washington'); 198. Proxy servers keep track of the information passed to each client by maintaining what type of table? - NAT 199. Which of the following utilities can be used by a system administrator to determine which services are to network requests? - nnmap 200. The Linux kernel exists as a file named: - vmlinuz 201. What command can be used to display the last five lines of a text file? - tail -5 202. Which of the following would be the device file for the third partition on the second SATA drive on a Linux system? - Target ID 203. Each SCSI device attached to a system must be assigned an ID number. What is this ID number called? - /dev/sdb3 204. Which of the following is an on-screen keyboard used with Linux? - GOK 205. Which of the following options for the iptables command will delete all rules for all chains? - F 206. Which of the following commands will display detailed information for network hardware? - ethtool 207. Which of the following types of servers can be used to cache requested Internet resources so that they can be more quickly delivered to users requesting the same resource while at the same time reducing the burden on the external network connection to the Internet for an organization? - Proxy server 208. Which of the following files can you add filenames to so that the git add * command will not stage them? - .gitignore 209. Which command can be used to download an updated copy of the master branch from the original Git repository? - git pull origin master 210. Which of the following commands can be used to only show jobs that have been paused. - jobs -s 211. Which of the following commands can a user run to display the groups that they are a member of? - groups 212. After compiling source code, which command still needs to be run in order to copy the newly compiled binaries into a directory listed in the PATH variable as well as copy supporting files (such as man pages) to the correct location on the filesystem? - make install 213. What directory under / contains the log files and spools for a Linux system? - /var 214. Which of the following are valid permissions for a directory where the command chmod 1777 has been used to set the permissions on it? - drwxrwxrwt 215. Which of the following system variables can you modify to override the default system timezone within your current shell? - TZ 216. Which of the following commands will create a symbolic link named foo.txt to an original file named bar.txt - ln bar.txt foo.txt 217. Which of the following is a lightweight desktop environment that uses very few system resources that a system administrator might choose to install on a Linux server instead of one of the two main desktop environments? - XFCE 218. Jean installs a distribution of Linux on a workstation and attempts to run the locate command to find a certain file. Instead of returning the results she expected, an error message is displayed that it cannot find the mlocate.db file in its default location. Which of the following commands should Jean run in an attempt to resolve this problem? - updatedb 219. What software type is distributed free of charge, but the source code is not available? - Freeware 220. Which of the following files does the hostnamectl command modify to set the hostname on a machine? - /etc/hostname 221. An archive of files that usually contain scripts that install the software contents to the correct location on the system is referred to as a: - tarball 222. Which of the following is a tool that can be used to search Internet software repositories for RPM packages that map to your system’s architecture, and automatically install or upgrade those packages on your system? - YUM 223. You have just created a variable named CREATOR. Which of the following commands will display the contents of the variable to standard output? - echo $CREATOR 224. If the physical extent of a volume group is set to 32MB, what is the maximum logical volume size? - 2TB 225. Upon running the ifconfig command, the IP address is listed along with the subnet mask in dotted decimal notation listed as 255.255.255.224. You have installed a remote access software that has an address field that requires the address to be configured in CIDR notation. Which of the following is the equivalent CIDR notation for the subnet mask listed? - /27 226. Leonard wants to find detailed information about the Bluetooth kernel module. Which of the following commands can he use to display this information? - modinfo bluetooth 227. Which of the following commands can be used to delete a user account? - userdel 228. The system administrator has shut ethernet interface eth0 down while making some changes to the system. Which of the following commands can they use to bring the network connection back up? - ifup eth0 229. What kind of servers resolve fully qualified domain names to IP addresses for a certain namespace on the Internet? - DNS 230. Which of the following types of encryption uses a pair of keys known as a public and private? - asymmetric 231. Which of the following options can be used with the usermod command to change the description of the user account that is stored in the GECOS field? - -c 232. You currently have a Linux system configured to check the /etc/hosts file before trying to contact a DNS server to resolve host names. You want to reverse the configuration so that it checks with a DNS server before falling back to the /etc/hosts file. Which of the following files should you modify to make this possible? - /etc/nsswitch.conf 233. Which of the following will show account aging information for a user such as the date of the last password change, when the password expires, and the number of days of warning before the password expires? - change -l jsmith 234. Which of the following commands can you use to search available repository information? (Choose two.) - apt - apt-cache 235. Archie wants to optimize an XFS filesystem and minimize the chance of future corruption. Which of the following commands will compact or otherwise improve the layout of the contiguous blocks of file data for an XFS filesystem? - xfs_fsr 236. A system administrator wants to schedule a task to run at 11 pm, but knows that she will not be in the office at that time. Which of the following commands can she use to schedule this task to run that night while she is at home? - at 237. Garrett wants to search through a csv file to find all rows that have either the name John or Bob in them and display them out to the terminal. Which of the following commands could Garrett use to perform this search? - grep -E "(John|Bob)" salesemployees.csv 238. Lynn runs the locate command and the results include many files from a directory that she doesn’t want to include in her search. Which of the following files could Lynn modify so that the locate command no longer includes those results? - /etc/updatedb.conf 239. Which of the following is not a valid Apparmor command? - aa-trust 240. Which of the following Debian Package Management commands will install the newest versions of all packages that are currently installed on a system? - apt-get-upgrade 241. Which of the following types of CM software only requires that you specify the attributes that the inventory members must have within a configuration file, not the individual procedures that must be executed on them? - Declarative configuration 242. Jan needs to set permissions on a file so that the owner has read, write, and execute permissions. The group should have read permissions only, and everyone else should have no access. Which of the following parameters, when used with the chmod command, would set the permissions described? - 740 243. While the top command is running, what key can be pressed to change the nice value of a process? - r 244. Which of the following two commands can be used to add custom log file entries to the journald database? (Choose two.) systemd-cat - logger 245. When using the compress command to archive a set of files into a single file, which of the following options will display the compression ratio of the individual files making up the new compressed file? - -v 246. Aria has modified the hard disk that hosts the operating system by using the fdisk command. The fdisk command indicates that the new partition information must be manually reloaded. Which of the following should she do next? (Choose two. Either answer is independently correct.) - Run the partprobe command - Reboot the system 247. Which of the following log files contains information and error messages generated by the Linux kernel? - kern.log 248. The quotas for certain users can be edited by using which command? - edquota 249. Which of the following commands can be used to create a BASH variable named CREATOR with the value of Torvalds? - CREATOR="Torvalds" (no spaces) 250. Which of the following commands will display a summarization of quotas for a filesystem? - repquota 251. Which of the following types of technologies will create a tunneled encrypted connection from a remote location into a corporate network to be able to access resources as if the user was physically connected to the LAN? - VPN 252. If no level of compression is specified, the gzip command assumes what compression level? - 6 253. - Match the file with the order in which the BASH shell environment files are read: 1) /etc/profile 2) /etc/profile.d/* 3) /etc/bashrc 4) ~/.bashrc 254. Which of the following ports should you disable so that they no longer respond to network requests on a Linux system due to a lack of encryption? (Choose all that apply.) - 21 - 23 255. What command can be issued to confirm which directory you are in at a command line prompt? - pwd 256. Which of the following files contain the path and filename where DNS servers should be configured? - /etc/resolv.conf 257. Jamie has created a hard link to another file within the same directory. Which of the following commands can he use to verify that the hard link was created correctly? (Choose all that apply.) - ls-il - ls-i 258. Which of the following are examples of multifactor authentication? - A password and fingerprint reader 259. Which of the following commands will display the output of a file while also displaying a line number at the left side of each line for the /etc/passwd file? - nl /etc/password 260. Which of the following files contains the list of shared libraries? - /etc/ld.so.cache 261. Which command can be used at a BASH command prompt to obtain a Web page? - curl 262. Which of the following options for the gpg command will specify the key that should be retrieved? - --recv-keys 263. Which of the following commands will send 4 ICMP echo requests to a remote host named server1 to determine the round trip time it takes a packet to travel? - ping -c 4 server 1 264. What is the term for a ZFS managed filesystem that is created from ZFS pools? - ZFS volume 265. What is the complete path and filename for the database that is used by the locate and mlocate commands? - /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db 266. Which of the following will display the contents of the /etc/shadow file? (Choose all that apply.) - cat /etc/shadow - getent /etc/shadow 267. Which of the following commands will display the contents of the /etc/passwd file in alphanumerical order? - sort /etc/passwd 268. You run the command hostname server1 and issue the reboot command. You notice that the host name has reverted back to what it was before the reboot. Which of the following commands should you have used to change the host name instead? - hostnamectl set-hostname server1 269. Which of the following is a valid method of running a script named myscript.sh? (Choose two) - source myscript.sh - ./myscript.sh 270. When using command-line terminal, specific letters that start with a dash ("-") and appear after command names are considered to be: - Options 271. On a system using the KVM hypervisor, which of the following modules would you expect to see as part of the output of the lsmod command on a guest Linux virtual machine? - virtio 272. Where are the files stored that contain information for all of the time zones that could be recognized by a Linux operating system? - /usr/share/zoneinfo 273. If a system appears to be having issues with performance for read and write operations to a hard disk, which of the following is not a valid scheduling method that you could try to improve performance? - testwr 274. Which of the following commands cannot be used to create an exFAT filesystem on a USB thumb drive that is recognized as /dev/sdb? - mkfs exfat /dev/sdb1 275. If a process state is currently showing as uninterruptible sleep, which letter will show in the output of the ps command? - D 276. Mindy wants to create a new subdirectory at ~/2019projects/projectx/projectplans to start storing the initial project plans for projectx. However, this is the first project she has worked on in 2019 and the 2019projects directory does not exist yet. Which of the following commands will create the higher level directories if they do not already exist? - mkdir -p ~/2019projects/project/projectplans 277. What FTP command runs a shell on the local computer? - ! 278. Which of the following options for the tar command will create an archive that is also gzipped while displaying all of the work in progress to the terminal screen? - tar -czvf 279. What ftp command uploads the filename from the current directory on the local computer to the current directory on the remote computer and allows the use of wildcard metacharacters to specify the filename? - mput filename 280. Which of the following is not a valid compression file extension for the Linux operating system? - .vz 281. - Which of the following commands will display a list of the pending jobs to be run? (Choose all that apply.) at -q atq at -l 282. Which of the following is the full path and file name where the Debian Package Manager repositories can be configured? - /etc/apt/sources.list 283. Which of the following is a valid Linuxion process? - Systemd - SysV 284. Where are scheduled commands stored on Ubuntu Linux systems? - /var/spool/cron/atjobs 285. Which of the following commands can you use to view events within the journald database? - journalctl 286. Which of the following commands will display the exit status of the last command used in the BASH shell? - echo $? 287. Which of the following commands can be used for the command line version of a popular GUI-based program that is used to examine network traffic passing to and from a network interface? - tshark 288. In order to set all of the special permissions on a certain file or directory, which command should be used on a file named filename? - chmod 7777 filename 289. Which of the following commands can be used to determine the round trip time that a packet takes to traverse a network connection? - ping 290. Elijah is done working with an external USB hard drive and wants to properly disconnect it. Which of the following commands should he use before unplugging the USB cable? - umount 291. What command is most effective at identifying different types of files? - stat 292. If a hard link is created to a file and then the original file is deleted, which of the following is true? - The original file will be removed while the hard link remains usable to access the contents of the file. 293. Which of the following commands will change the SELinux security context of a file? - chcon 294. Which of the following virsh commands will display the total amount of memory as well as the amount of free memory for a node? - nodememstats 295. When writing shell scripts and using an if statement to determine whether a set of code should be executed, what is the proper syntax to end the if construct? ___________ - fi 296. Which of the following commands will show active UDP connections on a Linux system? (Choose all that apply.) - netstat -u - netstat --udp 297. Which of the following will display entries from the Name Service Switch libraries? - getent 298. Which of the following commands can be used to pause a printer named Printer1? - cupsdisable Printer1 299. Where is the default document root directory for the Apache Web server? - /var/www/html 300. Which of the following commands can be used to display the filesystem and partition UUIDs on a Linux system? - blkid 301. Which of the following commands can be used to display any email messages awaiting delivery alongside the reason that they were not delivered? - mailq 302. In order to move from the /home/joe/test/data to the /home/joe directory, what command should be issued? - cd ../.. 303. Violet wants to configure an encrypted partition to mount when her workstation boots up. Which of the following should she do? - Configure /etc/crypttab to open the volume and then /etc/fstab to mount it. 304. If incompatible X Windows settings are configured, where will the errors that are generated be written to? - ~/.xsession-errors 305. After a shell is no longer needed, what command can be given to exit the shell? - exit 306. Which of the following package managers are used to install RPM packages on the SUSE or openSUSE distributions by default? - Zypper 307. Which of the following commands can be used to set the number of days until user account jsmith with an expired password is disabled? - usermod -f 15 jsmith 308. Which of the following would be a term applicable to an e-mail program on a workstation that is used to view email? - MUA 309. Which of the following commands will set the default runlevel of a Linux system? - systemctl set-default runlevel5.target 310. Which of the following commands will generate a GPG public/private key pair? - gpg --gen-key 311. Which of the following options will change the ownership of files and directories recursively within a directory? (Choose all that apply.) - -R - --recursive 312. In which file can you configure rules for logging on a Linux system? - /etc/rsyslog.conf 313. Which of the following does a Linux kernel use to store the value of epoch time? - Number of seconds since January 1, 1970 314. Which of the following RPM options will update a software package to the newest version, or install the package if it does not already exist on a system? - -U 315. Which of the following files stores information about failed logins on a Linux system? - /var/log/btmp 316. Which of the following commands will list missing libraries as not found if a necessary library is not installed? - Idd 317. Which of the following commands will count the number of lines in a file named data.csv? - wc -l data.csv 318. What piece of software tells the operating system how to use a specific hardware device? - Device driver 319. Select the command that can be used to change the root filesystem to a different directory, such as when you are in a rescue environment. - chroot 320. - Which of the following command can be used to remove a job from the list of pending jobs? (Choose all that apply.) at -d at -r atrm 321. Which of the following are valid statements in the /etc/resolv.conf file? (Choose two.) - domain comptia.org 322. When working with Sendmail, what command can be used to test SMTP support? - HELO 323. The mutt software is an example of what type of mail service software on Linux? - Mail User Agent 324. Which of the following constructs can be used in a shell script to determine whether two values are equal and if so run another set of commands? - if 325. The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard specifies what directory as the root user’s home directory? - /root 326. In which of the following zones might a system administrator put the web server hosting the company’s publicly accessible website? - DMZ 327. When viewing the version number for a Linux kernel, what number indicates the stability of the kernel? - Minor number 328. Which of the following can be used at the command line to download a file using the - curl - wget protocol? (Choose two.) 329. Which of the following options is passed to the Linux kernel from the GRUB2 configuration file to set the locale? - LANG 330. Which of the following characters, when pressed while the top program is running, will allow you to change the niceness of a process? - r 331. After modifying the /etc/aliases file, what command must be run in order to rebuild the aliases database? - newaliases 332. Which of the following characters can be entered at the beginning of a line in a shell script to ensure that line is recognized as a comment rather than try to execute it? - # 333. Which of the following commands can be used to set the default printer for all users on a Linux system where printer1 is the name of the printer? - lpoptions -d printer1 334. Wayne is using the command line and is in his home directory. Which of the following will display a list of all files and their sizes from his home directory? (Choose two.) - ls -al /home/wayne - ls -al ~ 335. Which of the following commands will install an RPM package while ignoring any other packages that i upon for proper operation? - rpm -ivh --nodeps package.rpm 336. Chase is trying to extract records for employees 423 through 428 out of a comma separated values file and store them in another one. Which of the following commands would accomplish this? (Choose all that apply.) - cat employees.csv | grep “42[3-8]” > employees-newhires.csv - grep “42[3-8]” < employees.csv > employees-newhires.csv - grep “42[3-8]” employees.csv > employees-newhires.csv 337. Which of the following types of DNS records need to be configured to facilitate email delivery? - MX 338. Which of the following commands can be used to convert files between different character encodings? - iconv 339. When logging into a system, you are prompted to type in a code from a small token that you carry around with you. The code on this token constantly changes. What type of technology has been implemented? - OTP 340. What zone configuration file contains a PTR record used to identify the loopback adapter? - /var/named/named.local 341. What command can be used to view and modify the date and time within the BIOS? - hwclock 342. After a background process has been started, what command below can be used to move it to - fg the? 343. Which of the following is the greatest expense for companies using Linux? - Hiring people to maintain the Linux system 344. What option can be added to the dpkg command to remove a specified package from the - -P system, including any configuration files used by the package? 345. Which of the following will look at the /etc/passwd file for any lines containing the word root and display them out to the screen while simultaneously writing the results to a file? - grep root /etc/passwd | tee ~/root.txt 346. What is contained in the DISPLAY variable on a Linux system running the X window system? - Which X server the client is supposed to connect to by default 347. Which of the following is the common escape sequence to display a horizontal tab using the echo command? - \t 348. Which kill signal terminates a process by taking the process information in memory and working directory? - SIGQUIT saving it to a file called core on the hard disk in the current 349. Which of the following commands will show a list of process names along with their process ID (PID)? (Choose two.) - top - ps 350. Which of the following options can be specified in the GRUB Legacy configuration file to set how long the boot menu is displayed before loading the default image? - timeout 351. Which of the following commands will send the output of the cat command to the grep command to be filtered? - cat /etc/passwd | grep jsmith 352. John has been using the cdrom on his computer that is running the Linux operating system. He pushes the eject button on the front of the drive, but it doesn’t eject the disk. Which of the following commands should he run? (Choose all that apply.) - umount /media/cdrom