Chapter 4 Tissue Worksheet

Simple Squamous Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Matrix Cardiac Muscle Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue Matrix Bone Skeletal Muscle Matrix Nervous Tissue Hyaline Cartilage Matrix Smooth Muscle Tissue Adipose Tissue (Fat) Matrix Stratified Squamous Epithelium Areolar Connective Tissue (Loose) B. Epithelium C. Muscle D. Nervous A. Connective B. Epithelium D. Nervous C. Muscle B. Epithelium A. Connective A. Connective C. Muscle A. Connective D. Nervous The six major functions of epithelium are: protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception. The six special characteristics of epithelium are: cellularity, polarity, specialized contacts, supported by connective tissue, avascular (but innervated), and regeneration. B. Simple columnar E. Stratified columnar A. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar D. Simple squamous G. Transitional K. Stratified squamous H. Endothelium J. A ciliated epithelium I. Simple columnar L. Transitional 1 4 5 3 2 4 3 1 2 Microvilli Cilia Apical region Tight junctions Epithelium Desmosome Basal region Basal Reticular lamina Connective tissue Capillary (blood vessel) Basement membrane Simple alveolar Simple tubular Tubuloalveolar Compound F, by structure T T T T F, Holocrine T T A. Endocrine A. Endocrine A. Endocrine B. Exocrine C. Neither of these B. Exocrine Epithelium Goblet cells Mucus Duct Secretory units Supportive connective tissue Branching Tubular C A D J B H A H J G K I E L F Reticular Fibrocyte Macrophage Elastic Collagen Reticular Multilocular adipocyte Uniocular adipocyte 3 1 2 H E C K L G E C D H A I K Sk Sm C, Sm C Sk, C Sk C, Sm Sk C Sk Sk Sm C Sm C Intercalated disks are only in Cardiac Skeletal has a vertical pattern and is multinucleated, Smooth has no striations Allows for condition of impulses over relatively long distances due to long cytoplasmic extensions Cavities (Exposed) Moisten surface Epithelial Epithelial F, Inflammation F, Platelets (clotting proteins) F, Granulation T F, Regeneration T F, Collagen T T F, Bacteria inhibiting substances F, Fibrosis Skin Tissues Growth Endoderm Mesoderm Exoderm Nervous Muscle Nervous Muscle Connective Epithelium Epithelial Mesoderm Ectoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Mesoderm Epithelia thins with increasing age so more easily breached Collagen fibers become more irregular in structure, even though their number may increase Muscles begin to atrophy ***Collagen cont... connective tissues with abundant collagen, such as tendons and ligaments, become less flexible and more fragile. Individual adipocytes easily lose and gain cell volume by losing or accumulating more fat. Granulation tissue secretes bacteria-inhibiting substances. Recovery with be long and painful because collagenous structures like tendons are so poorly vascularized. Cartilage is largely avascular, and tendons are poorly vascularized. The more ample the blood supply, the quicker tissue heals. Hyper secretion of serous fluid and its accumulation in the pleural space displaces lung volume. Because the lungs are not able to expand fully, respiration is more difficult. Additionally, when there is more fluid in the tissue spaces, diffusion of nutrients to the tissue cells (from the bloodstream) takes much longer and can impair tissue health and viability. The peritoneum with be inflamed and infected. Because the peritoneum encloses so many richly vascularized organs, a spreading peritoneal infection can be life-threatening. Simple epithelium is thinner than the diameter of the smallest vessel and must overlie all other tissues. Stratified epithelium forms the protective covering of deeper tissues. If blood vessels were within the epithelial layer, protection of the vessels would be reduced. Cartilage undergoes severe compression, which could damage vessels. Tendons are designed to withstand a strong pull; vessels would weaken the structure of tendons and would be at risk for rupture during extreme tension. Mitochondria are important sites of ATP production, and muscles use large amounts of ATP during contraction. After macrophages ingest bacteria or other debris, it must be broken down. Lysosomes are the site of that breakdown. Microvilli are found on virtually all simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelia. The increase in surface area contributed by the microvilli offsets the decrease in transport rate by the thicker layers, Ciliated tissue can include all three types of simple epithelium but is found predominantly as simple columnar and pseudo stratified. Endocrine glands, like exocrine glands, are derived from the surface epithelium. In embryonic stages, these glands grow down from the surface, but eventually they lose their surface connection. A basal lamina is only part of the basement membrane, which consists of epithelial cell secretions (the basal lamina) plus connective tissue fibers (the reticular lamina). A mucous membrane is an epithelial membrane composed of an epithelial sheet and underlying connective tissue. A sheet if mucous is a layer of secreted mucus (a cell product). Large arteries must be able to expand in more than one direction; as such, they have irregularly arranged elastic connective tissue. A bone shaft, like a skeletal cartilage, is surrounded by a sheet of dense irregular connective tissue. Skeletal muscle cells are quite large compared to other muscle types. Typically, the multinucleate condition indicates that the demands for protein synthesis could not be handled by a single nucleus. The nervous system develops by invagination from the ectoderm, much as glands develop internally from superficial epithelium. tip, extremity apical, apocrine open space areolar connective foundation basal lamina forming fibroblast juice separate mesenchyme endocrine within endoderm, endothelium upon, over epithelium glue neuroglia whole holocrine excite hormone glass hyaline, hyaluronic thin plate reticular lamina part merocrine middle mesoderm, mesothelium network reticular tissue watery fluid serous, serosa a scale squamous layer stratified