Aldehydes, Ketones and Carrboxylic Acids Physical Properties

University:
Whitman College
Course:
CHEM-245 | Organic Chemistry I
Academic year:

2021
Views:

281

Pages:

2
Author:

molana9654

Chemistry ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARRBOXYLIC ACIDS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES State: Formaldehyde is the only gaseous carbonyl compound; all others up to C 11 are in liquid form, while those from C12 onward are solid. Odor: Lower aldehydes emit an unpleasant odor, whereas higher aldehydes and all ketones have a pleasant fragrance. Solubility C1 to C3 (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde) and acetone are freely 8 + 8- soluble in water due to polarity of C=O bond and can form H—bond with water molecule. C5 onwards are insoluble in water. H 8+ 8+ 8C = O………………..H – O 8- Solubility ∝ H-bonding Boiling point Boiling point  Molecular weight Boiling point order is: Alcohol > Carbonyl compounds > Alkane This distinction arises because alcohols exhibit intermolecular hydrogen bonding, while carbonyl compounds lack hydrogen bonding and instead rely on dipole-dipole van der Waals forces of attraction. In contrast, alkanes are nonpolar. 8+ 8- C = O ……………….. 8+ 8- C=O Density : Density of carbonyl compounds is lower than water. 1 Chemistry CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Reactions of both aldehydes and ketones The pronounced electronegativity of oxygen causes the mobile electrons to be drawn strongly toward oxygen, resulting in a de icit of electrons at the carbon atom.  C C C–O Carbon is thus readily attacked by. The negatively charged oxygen is attacked by electron de icient (electrophile) E+. > C = C bond in carbonyl group is stronger than C=C bond in alkanes. C − O Bond energy is 84.0 K Cals C = O Bond energy is 178 K Cals C − O Bond energy is 84.0 K Cals C = O Bond energy is 178 K Cals Reactivity of carbonyl group Magnitude of + ve charge – I group  2

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carrboxylic Acids Physical Properties

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