Alcohol, Phenol and Ether

University:
Whitman College
Course:
CHEM-245 | Organic Chemistry I
Academic year:

2023
Views:

479

Pages:

2
Author:

Alvin Bradford

Hydroxy o derivatives Aliphatic hydroxy derivatives Aromatic hydroxy derivatives Alcohols have sp3 hybridized oxygen atoms, but the C – O – H bond angle in methanol (108.9°) is considerably larger than the H – O – H bond angle in water (104.5°) because the methyl group is much larger than a hydrogen atom. The bulky methyl group counteracts the bond angle compression caused by oxygen’s nonbonding pairs of electrons. The O – H bond lengths are about the same in water and methanol (0.96 Å), but the C – O bond is considerably longer (1.4 Å), reflecting the larger covalent radius of carbon compared to hydrogen. •• •• O H 104.5° H water (I) O H H •• •• C 108.9° H H methyl alcohol ALIPHATIC HYDROXY DERIVATIVES : Hydroxy derivatives in which —OH is directly attached to sp3 C (Alcoholic compounds). (II) Aromatic hydroxy derivatives : Hydroxy derivatives in which —OH is directly attached to sp2 C or benzene ring (Phenolic compounds). ALIPHATIC HYDROXY DERIVATIVES (a) Classification according to number of —OH groups : (i) Monohydric [one –OH]  CH3CH2—OH (ii) Dihydric [two –OH]  CH2 CH2 OH OH CH 2 CH CH 2 OH OH OH CH 2 CH -------------CH 2 OH OH (iii) Trihydric (iv) Polyhydric [three –OH] [n –OH]   OH ALCOHOL, PHENOL & ETHER (b) Classification according to nature of carbon : (i) p or 1° – alcohol  CH3CH2 – OH (ii) s or 2° – alcohol  (CH3)2CH – OH (i) t or 3° – alcohol  (CH3)3C – OH

Alcohol, Phenol and Ether

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