University:
York University
Course:
CHEM 1000 | Chemical Structure
Academic year:

2021
Views:

131

Pages:

4
Author:

Niklas

Cyclic Alkanes: All sp3 carbon atoms Carbon atoms bonded in a ring CnH2n (CnH2n-2 for alkenes) 1 degree of unsaturation Examples: Cyclopropane (C3H6) Cyclobutane (C4H8) Cyclopentane (C5H10) Cyclohexane (C6H12) Cycloheptane (C7H14) Naming: Count the number of carbon atoms in the ring (prefix: cyclo-) Cycloalkane Two Rules: Case 1: If the number of carbons in the ring is greater than the number of carbons in the substituent, the parent is the cycloalkane. Case 2: If the number of carbons in the ring is less than the number of carbons in the substituent, the parent is the substituent. Examples: Case 1: 1,2-dimethylcyclopropane Case 2: 1-Cyclohexylheptane Some Alkyl Substituents Have Trivial Names: 3 Carbons R-generic 1-methylethyl (iso-propyl, iPr) n-propyl (nPr) 4 Carbons n-butyl (nBu) sec-butyl (sBu) tert-butyl (tBu) 5 Carbons n-pentyl (n-Pen) neo-pentyl (neo-Pen) iso-pentyl (iso-Amyl) Haloalkanes: C-H -> C-X Example: Cl Br | | C-C-C-C-C-C 1-Bromo-2-chloropentane Bicycles: #Parent System from one ring Bicyclo[a.b.c]alkane (Bicyclooctane) Bridges