University:
York University
Course:
CHEM 1001 | Chemical Dynamics
Academic year:

2022
Views:

76

Pages:

2
Author:

Niklas

01/24/2022 Chapter 9/10 01/26/2022 reversible pathway: PP=net system does work on the surroundings w=feelv = Wrow Wrow-net in q=nRT in() -imevorsible pathway: /w//Wrev •right riemann sum = /w/ whereas wrev = integral under curve •to compress the gas where /w/ is irreversible, Iw//wreel because /w/ = lett riemann sum reversible/quasi-static a process in which system is always in equilibrium with Surroundings - amount of work done by system is maximized W/=// irreversible reactions spontaneous and result in less than masimum theoretical output of work in compression of a gas, Wreu = minimum amount of work. in spontaneous reactions, processes move towards a more probable distribution of objects "entropy a thermodynamic parameter thet massures the disorder or randomness of a syskm -the more disordered the system the higher the entropy - stale function - AS = Stiral-Sinitial AS heat added in a reversible reaction divided by temperature - Calculating entropy •positional entropy •thermal entropy →AS=-=nch() Cis specific heat capacity • dilution entropy AS = nRh() 01/26/2022 Chapter 10 01/28/2022 -units of entropy = J/mol-k (same units as specific heat) -gases have higher entropy -45(2 molx) = 2AS (Imol X) - polyatomic gases have greater entropy than monoatomic gases - entropy of specific heat are zero at O Kelvin - higher temperature = higher entropy -45 heat transfor is reversible so AH=9=1 που •Probability of entropy Boltzman formula = Sk, In (2) : 1.38x10 J/k (gas constant/Avogadro's number) Vidus Sangal ह -total number of arrangements (number of microstates) -n is number of particles -S=kIn(-2)=kgln(m²) = Nkeln(m) -△S=NkIn()=nRin() •Second Law of Thermodynamics the entropy of the universe increases in any Spontaneous process - heat flows from hot to cold - if you squeeze something the volume gets smeller "as pressure increases, volume decreases -in a reversible process, entropy of the universe doesn't change -direction of forwards time is the direction frection of of increasing increasing entropy entropy - AS ==4345 •Gibbs Free Energy AGAH-TAS ASAS •for a constant temp TT 99,AH -When AG is nogalire, AS... is positive & the reaction is spontaneous when AG is positive, AS... is negative of the reaction is non-spontaneous -when AG is zero, AS... is zero & the reaction is in equilibrium