The Roman civilization is one of the most important ancient civilizations in the world. It was founded in the fourth and fifth century BC by the Etrus who migrated from Asia Minor. It developed into a great empire with independent politics after wars and conflicts. The Roman Empire achieved excellence in various military, engineering and architectural fields. It was influenced by the arts of other civilizations and cultures, such as the Greek, Egyptian and Etruscan, as the Greek civilization included their subjects on classical myths, but the Romans used their historical narratives in their art. The Roman civilization was distinguished by its wide art in various fields such as architecture, painting, sculpture, mosaic works, coins, and glassware. Roman art was distinguished by its realism and many features in their art, such as the use of soft and ornate lines, elegant fabrics, natural shapes and balanced proportions, however, the most distinctive point of Roman art is its extreme diversity, embracing artistic trends of the past and the present from every corner of the empire and the promotion of art to the extent that it has become more productive and easier to reach than ever before.
The Roman Civilization Is Famous For
Despite what the Roman civilization was subject to and its fall, it has many achievements and prosperity, as it obeyed its reputation by imitating the achievements, works and manifestations in which the Greek civilization is famous for the flourishing of urban art and the flourishing of its artistic decoration, but it was and is still considered one of the oldest and most ancient civilizations in Europe, where it flourished. The Roman civilization grew and established many terraces, bridges, theaters and houses, until they excelled in it more than the Greek civilization.
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Roman Decoration Elements
After the pomegranates returned from their conquest of the land of the Greeks, they were loaded with a set of what they saw of the techniques and sculptures of the Greeks acquired during their conquest of the Greeks. During this period, the Romans were among the greatest and richest cities in the decoration and construction of their building, and this is what made Roman arts imbued with Greek art.
The Romans were far from ornamentation and all their interest in art and how to develop it. With the passage of time, Roman art began to develop unit it entered the world of motifs and sculptures, all their focus was on: visible or prominent sculptures and bust sculptures.
Roman art included various elements:
- Botanical elements: which are spiral shaped leaves, such as acanthus leaves and the antimony.
- Animal elements: using the shape of animal head with human body, which was used in front for each.
- Geometric elements: were distinguished by their use of spiral and circular shapes.
- The colors of Roman art, distinguished by their use of a group of colors and their gradations: including yellow, red, green, black, white and brown colors, as their colors were derived from the colors of Greek art, as they used gold and silver to add new colors to sculptures, statues and painting.
Monuments of Rome
Rome was called the eternal city because it was still considered one of the most important and greatest cities in history that saw high population density. It contains many churches, palaces, monuments and archaeological excavations. As some have called it the town of precious treasures, because it contains a huge amount of monuments, including:
- The Roman Forum: it is a field that was used in the past to gather people, deliver speeches and hold parties in it as it had a commercial center due to its commercial and economic location, which made it a distinguished location for the region where there are many arches, including arches Titus and the Septimius Severus. It is a field that takes a rectangular shape where it is located in the heart the city of Rome; is located between two plateaus, called Capitoline and Palatine, and between them is a small valley. There are also many statues, many temples, including: the temples of Faustian, Saturn and Antoninus Pius.
- The Trevi Fountain: it is the largest and oldest baroque fountains in Rome. Some called it the fountain of wonderful wishes characterized by the beauty and ingenuity of the states surrounding it. The fountain designed by the engineer Nicola Salvi in the form of the sea god. One of the novels says was surrounded by the fountain of Triton, who is the son of the god of the sea. One of the novels said he who threw a coin at the Trevi Fountain, will one day return.
- The Spanish Steps: it is one of the most famous tourist places in the city of Rome, and it is a phrase by way of one hundred and thirty-five degrees. The aim was to connect the French church and Trinita dei Monti. Its construction dates back to one thousand seven hundred and twenty-one AD, and same call it boats roundness due to the accident in Rome, where its rivers were submerged, which led to the collapse and flooding of the ancient city of Rome.
- The Colosseum: it is a huge amphitheater and it has another name and it is the Flavian Amphitheater and is located in the center of the ancient Roman region. It was used in the past as an arena for wars and fighting and the preparation of wrestling and challenges. As it was built by the ruler Vespasian, in spite of the ingenuity of its construction, it underwent some changes and reforms during the reign of Emperor Domitian.
- The Pantheon: it is one of the great archaeological sites that attract many visitors to it and it is taken from one of the greatest buildings in Rome and still maintains its old traditional style. With the passage of time, it turned in to a temple for the group of Roman gods. In the seventeenth century it turned in to church in the form of a circle containing three giant granite columns, which included many technologies, included concrete technology dating back to the millennium.
- The Vatican Museums: the museum, located in the Vatican City, was founded by Pope Paulius; contains many tourist monuments, including spiral staircases and the Sistine Chapel, which contains a painting drawn by artist Michelangelo, and also contains Raphael Rooms.
- St. Peter’s Basilica: it is considered one of the most important tourist attractions that attract tourists, and it is one of the Christian churches that contains a tomb for St. Peter, and it is also considered one of the most important centers of global catechesis. The height of the interior is about 120 m. Many artists had an important role in the church, among them the artist Michelangelo, who designed and painted the mausoleum hat.
Roman Architecture
The most important characteristic of ancient Roman architecture is the way the Romans followed in their buildings, as the Romans took care of worldly buildings, as they had little interest in religious buildings and were also more interested in building public spaces than private places. One of the most important characteristics of Roman architecture is that it is complex and difficult, and the main reason for its complexity is the presence of decades and domes also of well-known monuments of Roman architecture such as Roman temples, theaters, stands, and arches.
Roman Sculpture
Roman sculpture relied on Greek sculpture and used bronze and marble. Roman sculpture is divided into three forms of monuments, busts and architectural sculptures. Initially, the Roman statue represented the head and part of the neck, then statues including shoulders and chest, then statues sculpted the entire body. They were distinguished by their accuracy and accuracy as they were close to natural forms. Sculptures were carved to decorate palaces and epics of war, and sculpture also entered into architectural designs.
Roman Paintings
Roman painters invented the art of landscape photography and historical events, they were building statues and decorating the walls, the colors used were black, white, red and yellow and also used in their art paintings wax and egg yolk mixture and dyes, and drawing in Rome was a practical purpose of decorating houses and palaces. Also, the two-dimensional and three-dimensional Roman paintings were far from ideal.
Roman Mosaics
Roman mosaics are a common feature of private homes and public buildings made of small squares of marble and glass. Mosaics were not limited to floors. Tombs, columns and fountains are decorated with mosaics, especially bathrooms.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Roman civilization was and still is unique in its unique style, its design for urban structures and its display in a wonderful artistic manner despite what it was exposed to during the past ages. Throughout the ages, Roman civilization witnessed richness and ingenuity in various fields, such as architecture, arts and sculpture. This encouraged me to choose Roman art in order to introduce some about the achievements of ancient Roman civilization, ingenuity and daring in various fields, as I liked the diversity of her artworks, which have endured despite the circumstances that passed through them. Also, Roman art contains a comprehensive set of decorative artistic techniques, although Greek art had the greatest impact on the prosperity and diversity of ancient Roman art and exquisite pieces of art which are still considered one of the most important testimonies to the traces of ancient Roman history.
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