Introduction DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vital coding that makes up the entirety of an organism (Lesk, 2005). These long, double helix structures contain four nucleotides which sequentially create nucleic acids, then consequently combine in different ways to form specific proteins that perform various tasks for the organism during its lifetime (Sanderson, 2007). Once the animal reproduces, this genetic coding...
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DNA database plays an important role in the world, specifically the criminal and forensic world. DNA database, in this case forensic DNA database. The term DNA database refers to a collection of DNA samples and any other evidence stored as DNA profiles. DNA database could be extremely useful during criminal investigations. For example comparing a DNA sample, specifically taken from...
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Introduction DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a rich source of evidence used in forensic investigations. It is extracted from the nucleus from biological samples such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine and the hair of the root. Every individual has a unique DNA sequence. This is known as a ‘profile’. In the 1980s, Alec Jefferey (14) had discovered that a...
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Child obesity is increasing at such an alarming rate, that health professionals fear obesity will become the new normal. You would think adults have more control over which foods their child consumes, and one would encourage them to eat healthy to prevent obesity right? Well, eating healthy is only the beginning. On average 1 in 3 children are considered obese...
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Abstract This experiment was performed to determine the factors that influence the tas2r38 gene has on the PTC bitter taste receptor’s genotype was determined by electrophoresis using PCR and DNA extraction. The class data C allele frequency is slightly over 50% which matches with the map which shows similar frequency’s. Which suggests that there is a correlation between the SNPs...
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The process of “how much” genetic versus environmental factors matter has recently been replaced by questions about the processes that may mediate the relationship between the genome and social/environmental phenomenon (Spinath and Bleidorn,2017) For many years there have been debates on nature versus nurture but in contrast, we will be looking at how these two aspects work in unison to...
Gene
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Quantum mechanics is a dimension of science that describes the behavior of energy, waves, subatomic particles and the uncertainty principle mathematically. It was founded by a group of scientists in the 1920’s to uncover more about the physical properties of nature. One of the founders, Erwin Schrödinger, published a book titled ‘What is Life?’ in 1944 where he claimed that...
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Abstract In this paper , we propose the technique of DNA-Genetic Encryption (D-GET) to make the technique more reliable and less predictable. In this process, any form of digital data is binarized and transformed into DNA sequencing, reshaping, encrypting, crossover, mutating and then reshaping. D-GET 's main stages are repeated three times or more. Encrypted data is transmitted in a...
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Human DNA is present in every cell except RBCs and can be found in body fluids like saliva, blood, semen, vaginal fluids, bones, teeth, hair and sweat. DNA has its individuality and DNA typing methodologies are subjected to scientific and legal scrutiny. DNA has been used as unique investigation material in forensics since Alec Jeffrey introduced RFLP in 1985 for...
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Today in biology the field of genetics is its own ever-expanding branch; geneticists can now tell us the entire blueprint for the human body due to a project completed in the early 2000s called the ‘Human Genome Project’, over 30,000 genes have been coded and the chromosomes that house them logged in a complete set of DNAs which can show...
Gene
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This essay aims to answer this question by evaluating the role of genetic responsibility in doctor-patient confidentiality in the context of individuals suffering from Huntington disease (HD). HD is an uncurable and progressive neurological disorder characterised by late onset of motor, cognitive and behavioural changes. HD is an autosomal dominant disorder where an individual offspring has a 50% chance of...
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As inhabitants of the twenty-first century, there has been significant advancements in the field of genetics. One such technological advancement that is still developing may make it possible to “select” our children’s genes and characteristics (Agar, 2006). In effect, “designer babies” will likely be a possibility in the near future. A “designer baby” defined by the Oxford English Dictionary is...
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Introduction Through this essay, I will introduce intelligence scientifically as a component of many different traits and defining it in context of research on intelligence in humans. It has many different definitions and can be spilt into statistical values, such as g and IQ, or specific traits that contribute to overall intelligence, such as cognitive ability, fluid and crystallised intelligence,...
Gene
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Climate change and anthropogenic measures are an increasing obstacle for global biodiversity. As global biodiversity continues to be threatened and ecological systems disturbed, measures for conserving biodiversity can become challenging (Sutherland et al., 2010).Similar to other ecological systems, marine environments face several anthropogenic challenges, such as overfishing, chemical contamination, pollution and habitat loss (Korpinen et al., 2016). Along with climate...
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Discovery and development of forensic genetics took a long time and required a lot of field practice. After the discovery of the ABO blood types, scientists start to use blood groups in identification for forensic genetics. In 1910, the French criminologist Edmond Locard proposed the Locard’s exchange principle and stated that “every contact leaves a trace,” which laid the foundation...
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Introduction Behavioural genetics can be defined as the study of genetics that is used to investigate the difference in nature and behaviour in livestock. It focuses on the influences of genetics mainly the genetics and the environment influences. The concept was discovered by Francis Galton in the 19th century. However, the survey of the literature on genetics was discovered recently...
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For my inquiry, I wanted to determine whether genetics are related to the fact that women are more prone to knee injuries than men. Specifically, Anterior Cruciate Ligament tears (ACL) in athletes. Through numerous articles I discovered a lot of information relating genetics to ACLs. Recent studies have hypothesized that genetics do in fact have relations to a higher probability...
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INTRODUCTION The study and research of biomedical science involves uncovering the secrets of the human body whilst developing an understanding of disease, diagnosis, and treatment (Heitman, E. 2000). This means biomedical scientists must not only understand how to treat a disease, but must understand what caused that disease, how that disease can be identified and differentiated from other diseases, how...
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Abstract The purpose of this lab is to understand concepts that are related to genetic crosses. For this specific lab, Drosophila melanogaster were used. Drosophila melanogaster is also known as fruit flies. Created by Gregor Mendel, this experiment uses genetic rules. The purpose for the use of genetic rules is to determine the F1 generation. “Drosophila melanogaster has been widely...
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In this class I have really enjoyed learning about the issues in Biology. In rating the issues we have discussed in class from most important to least important I would list pandemics and genetics/cancer as my top two choices, followed by natural selection/evolution, sustainability, human population, biotechnology/GMO’s and, lastly, climate change. I chose to put pandemics at the top of...
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INTRODUCTION Everyone wishes to attain and maintain healthy body weight. However, the weight that one gains is influenced by three main factors which are: genetics, diet, and aerobic physical exercises (Singh, Kumar, & Mahalingam, 2017). A healthy weight is defined as body weight that doesn't increase one's probability of developing comorbid weight-related problems such as type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension,...
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Introduction Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally after cardiovascular diseases, and is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Globally, about 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer. (WHO website). Cancer is a genetic disease which is a result of changes in an organism genetic material such as DNA leading to uncontrollable growth of...
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Causes Obesity is characterized as a chronic condition as the result of an excess amount of body fat and it is defined by body mass index (BMI). A person’s BMI is determined by their height and weight (Balentine, 2019). However, to properly understand the impact of obesity, we need to look at what actually causes obesity in the first place:...
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Abstract Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disorder that originates in the respiratory system of individuals. It is caused by a malfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor protein (CFTR). Improved understanding of the CFTR gene has opened doors to better understand the disease itself through research and experimental procedures. Understanding the pathophysiology of the CFTR gene itself has also...
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The question of whether genetics have a role in the development of mental disorders remains a big concern to various researchers and scholars. Various researches have been conducted to verify the ability of genes in influencing mental illness. Various authors have contributed a significant amount of information concerning the subject. Understanding the relationship between genetics and mental illness requires a...
Gene
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In a modern world, longevity is convinced as one of the most important parts for human-beings, more and more people want to have a long lifespan. Scientists are dedicating on which parts would be more important in human lifespan, genes or behavior. Some people believe that our genes depend on our parents, most of the diseases are caused by family...
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The sun was casting its last orange rays into the sky, marking the end of the day. Sarah just got back home from school. She looked pale, almost malnourished. Her skin had wrinkles, and her face looked hollow. She quickly tossed her bag to the side of her bed and ran to the mirror. In a split second, all of...
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Do you know if you are in good health? Maybe BMI can tell you the answer. BMI values can be obtained by dividing weight(kg) by the square of height(m). The BMI values in the range of 18.5-30 are normal, but the values up to 30 are defined as obesity. If you are obese, I'm sorry to inform you that you...
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Genes have been in control of human traits since humans have been a species. However, what genes control beyond physical traits is not as well known. Therefore this prompts the question to what extent genes affect happiness. This question is becoming more prevalent with the rise in genetic editing and what could be done with genetic engineering to further push...
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The key goals in performing this study in-lab was to determine how PCR can be used to amplify desirable segments of DNA, examine how agarose gel electrophoresis can separate DNA fragments via size, and analyze DNA fragments on agarose gels to determine our PTC diplotypes. The collection of this data was done by gathering a sample of cheek cell DNA,...
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