DNA chemical reactions have found a couple of industrial applications. Targeting protein bound to DNA for manipulation of disease prognosis is gaining a lot of interest among scientists. Due to advancement of in silico technology, thousands of molecules can be search for protein interaction. Molecules with the best docking properties to target proteins can then be synthesized in the lab...
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Introduction Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is one of the major obstetric complications that has been associated with term consequences as poor postnatal outcomes, perinatal morbidity, and mortality. (1). Nowadays, early prediction of FGR is the primary goal in maternal-fetal medicine, followed by prevention strategies in the antenatal period. Many thriving screening models like combining biochemical markers with Doppler were studied,...
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“We used to think that our fate was in the stars, but now we know that our fate is in our genes,” said Dr. James Watson (After Darwin, 2005). Genes are the physical and functional fundamental units of heredity. Genes are a specific segment of DNA that determine our inherited traits. Every gene has two copies, one copy from each...
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Abstract The following paper presented follows gene therapy throughout its journey. Analyzing data from the past to the present and the possibilities that are to come in the future, we gain a better understanding of what gene therapy is and why it is important in our society today. “Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or...
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The rise of eugenics was popularized with Francis Galton in the 19th century. Galton devoted much of his scholarly life to exploring variation in human populations and its implications. Galton established a research program which looked at variations in human populations: mental characteristics, height, facial images, fingerprint patterns, etc. This required inventing measures of traits, devising large-scale collection of data...
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Up until recent years, illnesses such as cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer’s, leukemia, and many more diseases have been classified as incurable. These lifelong ailments have brought despair and hopelessness onto the lives of many people. However, with the recent break in scientific technology and the gene editing tool Crispr-Cas9, these once untreatable illnesses could be as easy to cure as the...
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Introduction DNA fingerprinting, a powerful tool in modern forensic science, has revolutionized the way we approach identification and verification in both criminal justice and personal identification. Developed in the mid-1980s by Sir Alec Jeffreys, this technique leverages the unique genetic makeup inherent in individuals to create a biological signature. DNA fingerprinting involves analyzing specific sequences within the human genome that...
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Introduction DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a rich source of evidence used in forensic investigations. It is extracted from the nucleus from biological samples such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine and the hair of the root. Every individual has a unique DNA sequence. This is known as a ‘profile’. In the 1980s, Alec Jefferey (14) had discovered that a...
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Genetic engineering or what is also called recombinant DNA technology is the process of using diverse biotechnology to change an organism’s genome. Gene technology means transferring genes to an organism to create a new and improved version. There are two very different types of genetic modifications; somatic genetic modification and germline genetic modification. Somatic genetic modification adds, cuts or changes...
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INTRODUCTION The TNXB gene is cytogenically located at the histocompatibility complex III on chromosome 6 in the human genome (6p21.33- p21.32). The gene has a unique structure as it overlaps with other genes by embedding its 5’ and 3’ end in CREBL1 and CYP21 genes respectively. It is the gene that encodes for Tenascin X which can also be called...
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Introduction Gene editing focuses on inserting DNA, deleting it or modifying it, or in some cases even replacing it in the genome of the chosen organism (Richter, 2016). Clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is seen as an innovating piece of technology and a useful technique within the genetic editing field (Redman et al, 2016). CRISPR can identify DNA,...
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CRISPR or Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (Broad Institute, 2019) is a relatively new discovery in genetic sciences with many useful applications across many fields. CRISPR is extracted from a bacterium and was initially thought of to be a part of bacterial immune system. It has what are known as spacer sequences that contain past genetic code of bacteriophages...
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Eugenics and genetic improvements are practices that emerge from advancement in genetic understanding and that essentially seek to improve the human race. Eugenics particular is a practice that advocates for controlled human breeding where people with undesirable genetic or hereditary traits are prevented to mate and thus do not pass those traits onto others. genetic enhancement, on the other hand,...
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A Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia is a birth defect that causes a tear in the diaphragm that pushes abdominal organs into the chest cavity, therefore, preventing proper lung development. CDH occurs in one out of 3,000 live births, and has a high mortality and morbidity rate (POBER 2007), with survivors requiring high technology-driven interventional perinatal care (STOLAR 2012) in tertiary or...
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Abstract This paper will discuss the methods and applications of gel electrophoresis. This researcher will address the production of a gel from agarose and a buffer solution. The role of the gel, the buffer solution, and the intricacies of the electrophoresis machine will be capitalized upon. The laboratory experiences of this researcher in extracting DNA from plant-based materials will be...
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The process of DNA Electrophoresis is very intricate; there are many factors that can push the experiment either way. If done right Electrophoresis can help change the world in a dramatic way. The most advanced discoveries have come from DNA Electrophoresis like: cloning, DNA Fingerprinting, and the discovery of DNA’s shape and form it takes. DNA Electrophoresis is a long...
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DNA is composed of three parts- a phosphate group, a 5-carbon (pentose) sugar called deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base. In DNA, there are four kinds of nitrogenous bases. These bases are called adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). DNA is a negatively charged particle, and its negative charge comes from the phosphate component. “The backbone of DNA...
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Imagine a future in which parents can give their unborn child the best genetic traits possible, grooming them for genetic perfection. Through genetic testing and gene therapy, modifying and enhancing genetic attributes is becoming a reality. These industries are growing rapidly, with 1,000 genetic tests already available to the public (Papalia and Martorell 61). Genetic testing and gene therapy have...
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The CRISPR-Cas9 technology has made editing DNA so uncomplicated and inexpensive that amateaur scientists and even average people are beginning to dabble in the subject for things like dog breeding and agriculture. However, genome editing actually has the potential to completely transform the modern medical world with new approaches to the creation of treatments that could change lives. The significance...
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Introduction You have asked me to research DNA test kits, which are tests that analyze a sample of an individual’s DNA and look for specific characteristics associated with different conditions. These tests can reveal genealogical information, health information, and also establish legal paternity. DNA tests can also be used in forensic science to help solve active cases. Background DNA, which...
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The Foundation of CRISPR Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats or CRISPR as it is more commonly known would not be possible without the many scientific discoveries that enabled scientists to understand DNA. Many discoveries enabled this, such as Watson and Crick and Rosalind Franklin, however the most important was the use of recombinant DNA.The first use of recombinant DNA...
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The field of genetic engineering and specifically gene editing has grown significantly in the last decade with the creation of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats - Cas9, or CRISPR, and the emergence of gene manipulation. This technology can be very risky or valuable based on how it is used. Using Gene therapy, all genetic disorders in humans and animals...
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Introduction Shelf life of food is the maximum time that the food produce can be stored, during which duration the quality remains acceptable for storage. Food industries face major challenges in storage and transportation after harvesting of fruits due their highly perishable nature. Ripening is followed by decaying due to accumulation of toxic components which Is the result of increased...
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The use of DNA evidence in courts have grown in recent years, in fact, DNA testing has over the years helped law enforcement identify as well as solve difficult crimes. DNA evidence has over the years has helped prove that most convicted people are, in fact, innocent. However, although DNA evidence can be accurate, there is often a danger of...
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Introduction Eugenics is the philosophy and social movement that argues in favor of human advancement and engineering. Eugenics can be dated all the way back to 1883 with Sir Francis Galton who proposed being “well-born”, which is the idea of selective procreation with “desirable traits” (Genetics Generation, 2015). Eugenics is a highly debated topic and is somewhat frowned upon because...
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DNA isolation is a process that deals with the purification of DNA from a given sample with the help of physical and chemical methods. According to -, DNA was first isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. Of recent, it is a routine procedure used in both molecular biology and forensic analyses. In regards to the chemical method, there are many...
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Introduction The manipulation of DNA represents one of the most fascinating and controversial advancements in modern science and biotechnology. DNA, the molecular blueprint of life, dictates the genetic makeup of all living organisms. The ability to alter this genetic code offers tremendous opportunities, as well as significant ethical concerns. From the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to the potential...
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Abstract In this paper, we introduce genomics, study of the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. Genomics determines the sequence of molecules that make up DNA of an organism. Here, the genomes play a vital role. Genomes can be encoded as well as decoded. So, here we see how to decode a genome with the machine learning concept....
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CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats), which is a technology allowing scientists to edit genes in living cells, has ignited a revolution. Even though it is a relatively recent discovery in the history of biomedicine, CRISPR has entered mainstream use in research swiftly. In just less than a decade, the technology has taken off like a skyrocket with tremendous...
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Long before gene-editing technology became available, public debate over the ethics of using the technology to treat humans had been raged. Immense promises and worst fears associated with modern biomedicine reasoned the intense ethical interest in the technology. All believed that there was something exceptional, something groundbreaking about this new science and technology. Gradually, the debate moved from general philosophical...
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