Abstract India is an agricultural country and most of the people, wherein about 70% depends on agriculture. So, disease detection in plants is very important. Tomato is one of the strongly grown and widely used crops. There are many types of tomato diseases and pests, in which the pathology of which is complex. Crop diseases are a major threat to...
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A catastrophic environmental imbalance is a matter that needs the attention of the world. The rise in average temperature of the earth’s climate system is what we call Global Warming. One of the major factors is increase in level of Carbon dioxide. Emission of these gases cause green house effect. When solar rays enter earth and hits earth’s surface they...
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Abstract When plants and crops are affected by pests it affects the agricultural production of the country. Usually farmers or experts observe the plants with naked eye for detection and identification of disease. But this method can be time processing, expensive and inaccurate. Automatic detection using image processing techniques provide fast and accurate results. This project is concerned with a...
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Introduction “Bio-technology” refers to the area of study in which the living organisms are used to produce the useful products through the manipulation of genes. 'Genetic engineering” refers to the process that alters the genetic structure of an organism by removing or introducing DNA. Rice genome has provided the foundation to improve the cereals. In parallel, novel plant transformation systems...
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Abstract Plants play a significant role in human life. Plants area unit helpful for manufacturing oxygen(O2) by taking the carbon dioxide(CO2) that is free by humans by the method of chemical change. The chemical {process| chemical change| chemical action} process is principally applied by leaves. The diseases that cause plants area unit on leaves because of the microorganism, fungi, etc....
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Abstract The diseases of plants caused by viruses are always in main concern for researchers because they reduced the yield and quality of food grains or horticultural products like fruits, vegetables and flowers which will leads a major economic loss of agricultural stakeholders. Presently there is no direct control strategy for viral infection in plants. Advancement in technology leads a...
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Introduction Encouraging as many students to study botany is becoming a major priority for universities across our globe. The Royal Society of Biology have highlighted the lack of plant based teaching in current tertiary education [1]. Out of a total of 130 UK universities only 22 offer any sort of plant/botany based degree as of October 2018. The Boyer Commission...
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Virus-induced-gene-silencing is an approach of reverse genetics that has been successfully used for to study gene fucntion. It is employed at postranscriptional level by taking advantage of plant defence mechanism against parasite infection. Usually, after viral infection, plants produce double stranded RNA (dsRNA) to degrade RNA viruses. By simulating this approach, in VIGS , genes underlying pathogeneic effects on host...
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INTRODUCTION The light from the Sun and the presence of carbon dioxide is crucial in propelling the process of photosynthesis. It is these main factors that plants can grow and expand. However, the threat of climate change will dramatically alter the conditions in which flora can thrive in. Hence forth this experiment is to model and investigate the impacts of...
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Over the course of 350 million years, plants and insects have coevolved to counter each other’s defensive strategies. A variety of physical and biochemical mechanisms are used almost intuitively to help plants deter herbivorous pests. Chemical signals and compounds emitted by plants can be exploited by herbivores, predators and parasitoids to locate resources. In this review, we will look at...
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Plant communication: the big question Plants can communicate too. They can detect other plants next to or around them and respond accordingly. They can do this by a number of ways, one way is secreting certain chemicals into the soil to affect how their neighbouring plants grow and behave, depending on how crowded they find their neighbourhood to be. As...
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ABSTRACT In the Current era, rapid urbanization, industrialization, and declining forest which are ultimately leading to a global climate changes. The huge scale of lessening of forestation for firewood, building, paper products, textile and many other applications are gradually imposing a serious negative impact on the environment. Inherently, it has limit application due to the presences of hemicellulose and lignin....
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A plant-based diet is composed of whole grains, vegetables, fruits and legumes. It is highly encouraged by the government and health organizations because it can have a positive impact on animal welfare as well as climate change. Plant-based diets are also known to have numerous nutrients and minerals which are known to do wonders physically and mentally for the human...
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The topic of reducing your carbon footprint by adding a more plant-based diet is pertinent to the environment. Eating a plant-based diet is a diet that consists of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. Eating a vegan diet does not include any type of animal product; a vegetarian diet does not consist of animal products except for items such as milk,...
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The purpose of this C.T. is to find solutions to reduce the impact of human activity in the world and we are going to try to find positive solutions that could help change the human activity in the world. The problem that we chose to solve is to reduce the amount of meat we eat.We chose this topic because we...
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ABSTRACT Most fungi are saprophytic and not pathogenic to plants, animals and humans. However, a relative few fungal species are phytopathogenic, cause disease (e.g., infections, allergies) in man, and produce toxins that affect plants, animals and humans. Among such fungi are members of the Aspergillus and Fusarium genera as well as other genera (e.g., Alternaria, Mucor) comprising the emerging pathogen...
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Introduction Nature comprises many processes that recycle various elements to avoid human wastage. Nature does not waste any of its elements and recycles them all including water, air and organic fertility. Recycling of natural elements occurs in order to maintain ecological balance for survival of all living species. However, human beings have meddled with nature so much that problems such...
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Introduction: Pine trees, with their distinctive evergreen needles and towering presence, are a common sight in many forests and landscapes around the world. These trees belong to the genus Pinus and have evolved a remarkable set of adaptations that allow them to thrive in a variety of challenging environments. In this informative essay, we will explore the fascinating adaptations of...
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Diamond mining has long been a controversial topic, given its negative consequences not only for society but also for the environment. As history shows, they were not called ‘blood’ for nothing, because their search destroyed many parts of the world, especially Africa. There are some ways in which Africa and other countries are doing this to prevent the mining of...
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I appreciate the beauty of nature and everyday occurrences in a way that I love starting my day by seeing the beauty of nature in the very simple things around me, such as the mountain, trees, plants, and some animals that were here on our farm. Every time I see a place where I feel peace and I smell the...
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The relationship between humans and nature has been an intriguing and complex one since the beginning of time. While humans are a part of nature, their actions often have adverse effects on the environment. The industrialization, urbanization, and modernization of society have led to a massive imbalance in the relationship between humans and nature. The adverse effects of climate change,...
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Tsunami is a series of water waves combines as they become huge waves as the depth of the ocean decreases. Therefore, as the waves get higher, the velocity exerted by the waves would increase, so there is a lot of energy produced by these waves, and this causes water to flow further from the shore, these water waves are enough...
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Nature is one of the factors that sustain life. Starting from the food we eat to the air we breathe. Almost all of the things around us are given by nature. But how cold-blooded are we when it comes to preserving it? We are like fleas that live on dogs or leeches that suck blood on their host. Whereas it...
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Introduction This report is meant to investigate whether all seismic events have the same cause and effect as the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in 2010. The second seismic event chosen to compare whether the same causes and effects are common with eruptions is Mount Ontake. The theory of plate tectonics is the idea that the crust of the earth is divided...
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Nature can be seen emerging in architecture right from the beginning in ancient Egypt. Natural elements inspired forms, seen in tombs carved into mountains, and use of local materials; mud brick made of the clay from the river Nile. These are examples of the ancient concept of vernacular architecture. Ancient Egyptian and Greek civilizations developed their thoughts on natural forms...
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I took this picture because this was one of the most amazing sunsets I've ever been able to witness. Have you ever noticed that you have that one thing that makes you feel warm inside and for that moment, life is good? For me, that thing is the sunset. The sunset has always been there no matter what, it is...
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Sunset is not a word it is an emotion. During the sunset or sunrise, the sky takes on shades of orange . According to Ram Charon- this orange color gives us hope that the sun will set to rise again. Just like many people have ups & downs in their life. Some people give up. But some people still have...
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“Man is not above nature, but in nature.” The quote stated by Ernst Haeckel describes how people have treated the earth surrounding them. Most do not give it a second thought. That should change. Many things could go into how humans need to see and work alongside nature. Both nature and people interact through daily processes, so people should know...
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We live in a pluralistic world, where each tradition has its own grandeur and limitations, its successes and failures. One thing we see that is common to all, at least in recent times, is that they all are trying to address the question of how we human species should live on Earth, and in my opinion, the answer is -...
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Introduction Dr. Seuss' timeless children's book, "The Lorax," has captivated readers of all ages since its publication in 1971. Through its vibrant illustrations and poetic narrative, the story sheds light on pressing environmental issues and serves as a call to action for the protection of our planet. This essay will explore the environmental issues addressed in "The Lorax" and discuss...
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