Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN) are decentralised and ad-hoc type of networks which can be set up easily in remote locations with the help of mobile devices or nodes. Nodes in these Networks senses and monitors the physical and environmental conditions of an area and send this information to each other or a remote location through co-ordination and co-operation methods of...
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Introduction The human digestive system is a complex ecosystem, home to trillions of microorganisms collectively known as the gut microbiota. This diverse community includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, each playing a pivotal role in maintaining human health. Recent research highlights the profound impact of these microorganisms on various physiological functions, including digestion, immune modulation, and even mental health. The...
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Abstract Obesity represents one of the major health emergencies in developed countries. India is now behind US and China in this international list of top 10 countries with elevated amount of obese people. Obesity has been attributed in the causation of a number of metabolic disorders together with diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular disease and cancers that enhance the mortality and...
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Abstract Disease detection is crucial to scale back the losses in agricultural product yield and amount.Plant disease analyses include the study of variations found on the farm. Monitoring the security and identification of infections on plants is incredibly vital for organic farming. Manually, plant diseases can not be tracked simply in farms that contain completely different crops. This wants an...
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Introduction Since the beginning of the industrial revolution in 19th-century environmental pollution has grown into a global problem and has affected air, water, soil, and ecosystems. This has shown a direct impact on human health and well-being. Disorders and diseases like cardiovascular diseases, respiratory tract diseases, asthma, lung cancer, ventricular hypertrophy, autism, retinopathy, fetal growth, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, psychological...
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INTRODUCTION Folate is a water-soluble B- vitamin which has an essential nutritional function in the human body, especially very important for pregnant women and lactating mothers. The major sources of folate are green leafy vegetables, liver, legumes, egg yolk, wheat germ, milk and milk products, and yeast (Lin & Young, 2000). Folate deficiency is a global issue especially from developing...
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Aristotle and Dante Discover the Secrets of the Universe rely mainly on intervention from inside than from outside. Despite this reason, the book will not be for everyone; however, Aristotle's path into maturity and self-acceptance may find compelling and inspiring. When Dante’s father says to him, “Dante, you’re an intellectual. That’s who you are. Don’t be ashamed of that.” -Dante...
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Phytoconstituents are defined as the chemical compounds that can be found naturally in plants where the word phyto means “plant” in Greek. Isolation and purification of phytoconstituents is the most difficult and complex operation in phytopharmaceutical research. Plant extracts are complex mixtures which contain hundreds or thousands of different constituents. Plant constituents presence in a crude extract make the isolation...
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Abstract Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to grow plant cells, tissue, organs and their components under defined physical and chemical conditions in vitro. Plant tissue culture used to create large number of clones from a single explant and it is easy to select the desirable traits. Plant tissue culture technique is very helpful in genetically modified....
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Introduction “There are three signs of old age: loss of memory… I forgot the other two.” – Richard Bernard 'Red' Skelton (July 18, 1913 – September 17, 1997) an American comedy entertainer. One often joke about getting older, and all the other elements that go with old age especially forgetting, but for some this may be a joke or one...
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Introduction Mycoviruses, the viruses that infect fungi, represent a fascinating and relatively unexplored domain within virology. Unlike their plant and animal counterparts, mycoviruses are predominantly cryptic, often not causing overt symptoms in their fungal hosts. This attribute has historically rendered them obscure, with their discovery and study lagging behind other viral forms. However, increased awareness of their potential roles in...
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Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) serves as the blueprint for all living organisms, dictating cellular function and heredity. However, DNA is not a static entity; it is subject to damage from various endogenous and exogenous sources. When DNA damage occurs, the integrity of the genetic code is threatened, necessitating complex repair mechanisms to maintain genomic stability. DNA repair defects arise when...
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Humans are the only creatures on Earth that will cut down a tree, turn it into paper, then write “Save the trees” on it -Sustainable Human. The planet is more important than humans because we depend on the planet. The planet is the source of all living things. Without the planet, everything that is living on it, including us, would...
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We know how the COVID-19 pandemic began: Bats near Wuhan, China, hold a mix of coronavirus strains, and sometime last fall one of the strains, opportunistic enough to cross species lines, left its host or hosts and ended up in a person. Then it was on the loose. What no one knows yet is how the pandemic will end. This...
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INTRODUCTION ARBITRARY PRIMED PCR The Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) is a type of PCR which is also known as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). It is based on DNA fingerprinting technique in which primers are used whose nucleotide sequence is arbitrarily chosen. After the invention of PCR it was realized that short primer would bind on several locations...
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Biology has been playing a very big role in our society since the ancient times until now. As one of the branches of science assigned in studying life and living things, it allows us to discover and learn about different organisms through testing, reviewing and experimenting using scientific research methods. Biology allows us to learn about the structure, function, behavior...
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Introduction In today’s time where the world is facing a financial global crisis the oil prices being dropped down to an extent where water is more expensive. We all could conclude one thing that we need a better ecofriendly and sustainable source of energy. Petroleum has been the back bone of all most all major industries post the industrialization era...
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Introduction The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) having a place with the family Arecaceae [1], a diploid oil-delivering crop with a genomic size of 1.8 Gb [2], is one of the most important oil-bearing crops in the world. It is a large feather palm having a solitary columnar stem, short internodes, and short spines on both the leaf bases and...
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Introduction The urgent need to mitigate climate change and reduce dependency on fossil fuels has spurred significant interest in alternative energy sources. Among these, hydrogen fuel stands out as a promising option for powering engines with minimal environmental impact. Hydrogen fuel engines offer the potential for zero-emission vehicles, as their only byproduct is water. This essay explores the fabrication of...
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Eugenics has had many different faces throughout history and it is still prevalent in the world today. Laura Hix of Northwestern University does a good job of introducing eugenics. She starts by explaining eugenics means “good genes”. It is derived from the Greek word “eu” meaning good and “genos” meaning offspring. Before eugenics was applied to humans, it worked to...
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There are many different ways in which one can describe the meaning of language. Different scholars, from Aristotle to Vygotsky, have different definitions and theories surrounding the role that language plays. However, Edward Sapir (former American anthropologist-linguist) described it best by categorizing language as purely human and non-instinctive. “Every language enables its speakers to express whatever they want to express,...
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Abstract India is an agricultural country and most of the people, wherein about 70% depends on agriculture. So, disease detection in plants is very important. Tomato is one of the strongly grown and widely used crops. There are many types of tomato diseases and pests, in which the pathology of which is complex. Crop diseases are a major threat to...
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Gene regulation is the way genes are expressed, and it starts with the central dogma. Gene regulation starts with the DNA which makes mRNA which then makes proteins. Prokaryotes, which are bacteria (for example E. coli), eat whatever we eat; therefore, if we drink milk, the bacteria will break down the lactose using gene regulation (Anderson, 2011). Bacterial genes are...
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ABSTRACT Most microorganisms on Earth live in various aggregates which are generally termed “Bio films”. They present and represent the most successful form of life. They are the active agents in bio filtration and carriers of the self-cleaning potential in soils, sediments and water. They are also common in surfaces in technical systems where they sometimes cause bio fouling. In...
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Abstract This paper presents the design of Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic (GTEM) cell with a dimension of 2.1m x 1.2m x 0.81m over a frequency range from DC up to 1 GHz using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio. Different design parameters such as tapering length of central conductor (septum), transition in the apex, septum height...
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Background and Introduction I teach at a 2-year HBCU Private Community College in Arkansas. I have been teaching at the college for five years. Different ethnic backgrounds generally enroll in college. About 250 students are enrolled on campus this semester. The college typically has a small percentage of Hispanic students each semester. Some of the Hispanic students graduate from college...
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Abstract With increase in population the need for food is on rise, in such circumstances, plant diseases prove to be a major threat to agricultural produce and result in disastrous consequences for farmers. Early detection of plant disease can help in ensuring food security and controlling financial losses. The images of diseased plants can be used to identify the diseases....
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Introduction to the Debate on Mars Colonization Solar, wind, hydraulic energy are all ways we can get natural resources. However, NASA and several other organizations want to move everybody to a new planet? Since the beginning of history, we have been solving problems. One problem is whether or not humans should colonize Mars. With many factors that go into exploring...
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Abstract Each active life has complex molecules in their cells called DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) which are responsible for all biological features. These DNA molecules are further reduced into grander structures called chromosomes, which together compose the being’s genome. Genes are size altering DNA sequences which comprise code that are frequently used to produce proteins. There has been a struggle to...
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Introduction DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, is a powerful technique used in forensic science to identify individuals based on their unique genetic makeup. Developed in the mid-1980s by Sir Alec Jeffreys, this method has revolutionized the field of forensic analysis, offering an unprecedented level of accuracy in criminal investigations, paternity cases, and identification of remains. The peculiarities of...
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