University:
Acadia University
Course:
BIOL-2013 | Cell and Molecular Biology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

340

Pages:

2
Author:

Nabila n.

Cell Structure All known living things are made up of one cell or more. Cells can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotic Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, are single celled organisms. They are a lot smaller than eukaryotic cells and their genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus. Plasmid Small loops of DNA that are not part of the chromosomal DNA Chromosomal DNA A long loop of genetic material that is not enclosed in a nucleus Cell Membrane Cell Wall Cytoplasm Ribosomes Eukaryotic Eukaryotic cells are found in animals and plants, as well as in fungi and protists. They have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material that is enclosed in a nucleus. Animal Cells Most animal cells have the following subcellular structure: Nucleus Contains genetic material Cytoplasm Made up of a liquid gel that holds all cellular organelles; the place where chemical reactions occur Plant Cells Most plant cells have the same subcellular structure as animal cells, plus: Cell Wall Made of cellulose, which strengthens and protects the cell Ribosomes The place where proteins are produced Mitochondria The place where aerobic respiration, which releases energy, occurs Cell Membrane A thin, selectively permeable membrane that controls which substances can enter and exit the cell Large Central Vacuole Filled with cell sap; stores materials and waste; and keeps the cell turgid (rigid) Chloroplasts Contains chlorophyll; the place where photosynthesis occurs