BIOL 1107 Chapter One: Evolution, Biology's Themes, and Scientific Research Characteristics of living things include: - Cells/Organization - Growth and Reproduction - Metabolic Processes - Regulatory/Control Processes - Response to the Environment - Evolution/Inheritance Organization and Emergent Properties - Organization from simple elements to the entire biosphere. - Emergent properties result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system. - No one piece is independent from the rest. Generalists and Extremophiles. - Domain - Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species Domain: largest amount of organisms. Species: smallest amount of organisms. Domains - Domain Bacteria - Domain Archaea - Domain Eukarya Prokaryotes - Bacteria - Archaea Italicized words "genus" and "species" are used. Genus is capitalized, but species is still written in lowercase. Cell Theory - From where do cells originate? Three Cell Theory Tenets - 1. Basic Unit - 2. All Life - 3. From pre-existing cell Deductive Reasoning drawing conclusions about unknowns through the use of facts. Evolution through Natural Selection - 1. Populations with varied inherited traits. - 2. Elimination of individuals with certain traits. - 3. Reproduction of survivors. - 4. Increasing frequency of traits that enhance survival. The process of science. - It is a method of thinking - not a list of facts. - Making observations. - Learning about previous, related studies. - Collecting data. - Form hypothesis. - Making predictions. - Testing predictions. - Report/discuss results. Independent vs. Dependent Variable - Manipulated in study = independent (cause) - Measured in study = dependent (effect) - X-axis: independent - Y-axis: dependent

Principles of Biology. Chapter 1 Lecture Notes

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