University:
Acadia University
Course:
BIOL 2663 | Marine Biology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

414

Pages:

4
Author:

Nabila n.

Prokaryotic Cells: The Foundational Building Blocks of Life Prokaryotic cells are the simplest and most abundant forms of life on Earth. They are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Despite their simplicity, prokaryotes play crucial roles in various ecosystems and have a profound impact on human health and industry. What are Prokaryotes? Unicellular Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms. Each cell is independent and capable of carrying out all life functions. Lack a Nucleus They lack a membrane-bound nucleus, which houses their genetic material (DNA). Instead, DNA is found in a region called the nucleoid. Simple Structure Prokaryotic cells are relatively simple in structure, lacking complex organelles found in eukaryotic cells. Structural Components of Prokaryotic Cells Cell Wall A rigid outer layer that provides structural support and protection. Plasma Membrane A thin, selectively permeable membrane that regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell. Cytoplasm The gel-like substance that fills the cell, containing various enzymes, nutrients, and other molecules. Ribosomes Small organelles responsible for protein synthesis. Nucleoid The region where the cell's DNA is located. Genetic Organization and Reproduction Circular DNA Prokaryotic DNA is typically circular and located in the nucleoid. Binary Fission Prokaryotes reproduce asexually through binary fission, where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Rapid Reproduction Their ability to reproduce quickly contributes to their abundance and adaptability.