Language of Medicine Part II

Chapter Thirteen ABBREVIATIONS QUIZ 1. ALL _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. AML ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. ASCT ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. baso ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. BMT ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. CBC ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. CLL ____________________________________________________________________________ 8. CML ____________________________________________________________________________ 9. diff. _____________________________________________________________________________ 10. EBV ____________________________________________________________________________ a. __________ Granulocytic white blood cells f. __________ Percentages of different types of WBCs are given b. __________ Abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate g. __________ Cause of mononucleosis c. __________ A patient is his or her own donor for stem cell transplant d. __________ Abnormal numbers of immature granulocytes predominate e. __________ Recipient receives donation of bone marrow h. __________ Mature and immature granulocytes are present in the marrow and bloodstream i. __________ Calculation of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and red cell values j. __________ Immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) predominate 1. eos _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. EPO ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. ESR ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Fe ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. GVHD ____ ________ _____________________________________________________________ 6. Hct _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Hgb ____________________________________________________________________________ 8. IgA, IgD, IgE _____________________________________________________________________ 9. lymph cells _______________________________________________________________________ 10. mono ___________________________________________________________________________ a. __________ Percentage of red cells in a volume of blood f. __________ Speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma b. __________ Stimulates red blood cell formation g. __________ White blood cells that make antibodies; mononuclear agranulocyte c. __________ Element that makes up hemoglobin h. __________ Protein found in red blood cells; carries oxygen d. __________ Mononuclear white blood cell; phagocyte i. __________ Immune reaction of donor’s cells to recipient’s tissues e. __________ Granulocytic white blood cell elevated in allergic reactions j. __________ Proteins that have antibody activity 1. H and H _________________________________________________________________________ 2. MDS ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. polys ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. PT ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. RBC _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. sed rate _________________________________________________________________________ 7. WBC _________ ___ ______________________________________________________________ a. __________ Carries oxygen in the bloodstream e. __________ Determination of numbers of leukocytes b. __________ Time it takes for red cells to settle out of plasma f. __________ Levels of a blood protein and percentage of red blood cells are determined c. __________ Neutrophils; segmented leukocytes d. __________ Time it takes for blood to clot g. __________ Preleukemic condition Chapter Thirteen EXERCISE QUIZ basophil eosinophil erythrocyte hematopoietic stem cell lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil platelet 1. red blood cell _____________________________________________________________________ 2. white blood cell; phagocyte and precursor of a macrophage ________________________________ 3. thrombocyte _____________________________________________________________________ 4. bone marrow cell; gives rise to many types of blood cells __________________________________ 5. leukocyte formed in lymph tissue; produces antibodies ___________________________________ 6. leukocyte with dense reddish granules; associated with allergic reactions ____________________ 7. leukocyte (poly) formed in bone marrow and having neutral-staining granules _________________________________________________________________________ 8. leukocyte whose granules have an affinity for basic stain; releases histamine and heparin __________________________________________________________________________ 9. liquid portion of blood ______________________________________________________________ 10. hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate erythrocyte production in bone marrow ___________________________________________________________________ 11. proteins in plasma; can be separated into alpha, beta, and gamma types ______________________ 12. plasma protein that maintains the proper amount of water in blood _________________________ 13. proteins made by lymphocytes in response to antigens in the blood _________________________ 14. leukocytopenia ____________________________________________________________________ 15. myelopoiesis _____________________________________________________________________ 16. anticoagulant _____________________________________________________________________ 17. thrombolytic _____________________________________________________________________ erythroblast erythropoiesis hemolysis hypochromia macrocytosis microcytosis poikilocytosis polycythemia vera 18. irregularity in shape _______________________________________________________________ 19. immature red cells _________________________________________________________________ 20. reduction of hemoglobin (“color”) ____________________________________________________ 21. increase in numbers of small cells ____________________________________________________ 22. erythremia _______________________________________________________________________ 23. increase in numbers of large cells ____________________________________________________ 24. formation of red cells ______________________________________________________________ 25. destruction of red cells _____________________________________________________________ 26. sickle cell anemia _________________________________________________________________ 27. aplastic anemia ___________________________________________________________________ 28. thalassemia ______________________________________________________________________ 29. CLL _____________________________________________________________________________ 30. AML ____________________________________________________________________________ 31. autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura _______________________________________________ 32. hemophilia _______________________________________________________________________ Column I 33. relapse ___________________________ Column II A. Relieving, but not curing 34. remission _________________________ B. Deficiency of all blood cells 35. purpura __________________________ C. Increase in numbers of granulocytes; seen in allergic conditions 36. pancytopenia ______________________ D. Symptoms of disease return 37. palliative _____ _____________________ E. Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages; blood accumulates under the skin. 38. eosinophilia _______________________ F. 39. apheresis _________________________ G. Symptoms of disease disappear Separation of blood into its components autologous transfusion bleeding time bone marrow biopsy coagulation time Coombs test erythrocyte sedimentation rate hematocrit hematopoietic stem cell transplantation platelet count red blood cell morphology WBC differential 40. A stained blood smear is examined to determine the shape of individual red blood cells ____________________________________________________________________ 41. Measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood ____ _______________________ 42. Determines the number of clotting cells per cubic millimeter ______________________________ 43. Ability of venous blood to clot in a test tube ____________________________________________ 44. Measures the speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma _____________________________ 45. Determines the numbers of different types of WBCs _________ ____________________________ 46. Determines the presence of antibodies in infants of Rh-negative women or patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia ______________________________________________________ 47. Undifferentiated blood cells from a donor are infused into a patient being treated for leukemia or aplastic anemia __ ______________________________________________________________ 48. Time it takes for a small puncture wound to stop bleeding _________________________________ 49. Needle is introduced into the bone marrow cavity, and a small amount of marrow is aspirated and then examined under the microscope ______________________________________________ 50. Blood is collected from and later reinfused into the same patient ___________________________ Chapter Thirteen DIAGRAM QUIZ Band cell Erythroblast Erythrocytes Hematopoietic stem cell Lymphocyte Megakaryocyte Monocyte Myeloblast Neutrophil Platelets Chapter Thirteen REVIEW SHEET QUIZ 1. coagul/o ________________________ 7. myel/o __________________________________ 2. cyt/o ___________________________ 8. morph/o ________________________________ 3. erythr/o ________________________ 9. neutr/o _________________________________ 4. hem/o __________________________ 10. sider/o __________________________________ 5. kary/o __________________________ 11. phag/o __________________________________ 6. leuk/o __________________________ 12. thromb/o ________________________________ 1. -apheresis ______________________ 7. -penia __________________________________ 2. -blast __________________________ 8. -phage __________________________________ 3. -cytosis _________________________ 9. -phoresis ________________________________ 4. -emia __________________________ 10. -poiesis _________________________________ 5. -globin _________________________ 11. -stasis __________________________________ 6. -lytic ___________________________ 12. -oid ____________________________________ 1. anti- _____ ______________________ 5. micro- __________________________________ 2. hypo- _____ _____________________ 6. mono- __________________________________ 3. macro- _____ ____________________ 7. pan- ____________________________________ 4. mega- _____ _____________________ 8. poly- ___________________________________ Chapter Thirteen MEDICAL SCRAMBLE Unscramble the letters to form blood system terms from the clues. Use the letters in the squares to complete the bonus term. 1. Blood protein ____ 2. Percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood ____ ____ __ _ 3. ____ ____ ____ CAHOTRETMI Blood protein in erythrocytes ____ ____ _ __ 4. ____ ____ ____ M L U I N A B ____ ____ ____ ____ Threads of a clot ____ ____ ____ ____ BONUS TERM: ____ B I F N I R Process of blood clotting GIMOHONEBL Chapter Thirteen CROSSWORD PUZZLE Fill in the crossword puzzle below using the clues listed underneath it. Across Clues 2. Excessive increase in white blood cells with immature forms. 3. Plasma minus clotting proteins and blood cells. 9. Method of separating plasma proteins by electrical charge. 11. Protein threads that form the base of a clot. 12. Protein found in blood. 14. Process of blood clotting. 15. Iron-containing nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule. 16. White blood cell. 17. Derived from bone marrow. Down Clues 1. Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin. 4. Platelet precursor formed in the bone marrow. 5. -globulin means_____. 6. Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin. 7. An anticoagulant produced by liver cells and found in blood and tissues. 8. Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures 9. Red blood cell. 10. The protein part of hemoglobin. 13. White blood cell with large dark-staining granules. Chapter Thirteen PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS A. Research Report Colony-stimulating factors are hormones that regulate hematopoiesis. Erythropoietin (Epogen), secreted by the kidney, increases bone marrow erythropoiesis. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulates bone marrow leukopoiesis. The most recent colony-stimulating factor is thrombopoietin (TPO), which acts on bone marrow to promote the growth of platelets. These hormones are now produced biosynthetically by recombinant DNA techniques and have shown some impact in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, treatment of cytopenias associated with myelodysplasias, and aplastic anemia. 1. What is erythropoietin?....................... A. A drug that causes bone marrow suppression B. A chemical that promotes white cell production C. A recombinant product that stimulates platelet growth D. A renal hormone that stimulates growth of RBCs 2. G-CSF is helpful in:............................ A. Preventing decrease in WBCs during drug treatment for cancer B. Replacing red cells after hemorrhage C. Stimulating formation of thrombocytes D. Stimulating lymphocytes 3. Myelodysplasia means: ........................ A. The spleen is not functioning B. Liver formation is impaired C. Blood cells are not made D. The bone marrow is not forming blood cells properly 4. TPO is: .............................................. A. A neutrophil growth factor B. An erythrocyte growth factor C. A clotting cell growth factor useful in the treatment of thrombocytopenia D. Useful in the treatment of hemophilia B. Case Report A 17-year-old white female was admitted to the ER for melena. A CBC showed the hemoglobin to be 9.0%, hematocrit 27%, WBC 32,000/mm3 with 21% polys, 7% bands, 70% lymphocytes, and 2% monocytes. Platelet count was 20,000/ mm3. Bone marrow aspiration and smear shows evidence of lymphoblasts. 1. What was the patient’s admitting symptom? .......................................... A. Diarrhea B. Blood in her stool C. Vomiting blood D. Spitting up blood 3. What is a likely diagnosis for the patient? .............................................. A. Sickle cell anemia B. Hemophilia C. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia D. Chronic myelocytic leukemia 2. What do the lab data tell about RBCs? ................................................ A. None of the tests reflect information about RBCs B. RBCs are normal C. RBCs are elevated D. RBCs are decreased as evidenced by low hematocrit and hemoglobin 4. The bone marrow was filled with:........ A. Immature white blood cells B. Mature neutrophils C. Platelets D. Immature red blood cells