The Human Body in Health and Disease Study Guide

( Medical Terminology The Human Body in Health and Disease ) Pain and suffering algia - Surgical puncture centesis - Picture or recored gram - Away from - Ab Toward or in direction of - Ad Surgical removal of the appendix appendectomy Artery, plaque/fatty substance, joint arteri/o, ather/o, arthr/o Cardi means heart and -ac means pertaining to cardiac Word root with a combining vowel added at the end Combining form Blue skin cyanosis Frequent flow of loose or watery stools diarrhea Bad, difficult, or painful - dys Surgical removal ectomy, -ostomy, -otomy Swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or cavities of the body edema Means pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery ( end - means within, artery means artery, -al means pertaining to) Endarterial Fissure Groove or crack like sore of the skin gastr means stomach and -osis means abnormal condition or disease gastrosis Process of producing a picture or record graphy Guidelines to Unusual Plural Forms Exessive or increased - Hyper Deficient or decreased - Hypo Between or among (inter), within or inside (intra) Inter/intra Interstitial Inflammation itis - Is a torn or jagged wound or accidental cut laceration Pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury lesion Large, abnormal size, or long - Macro Large, great Mega, megal/o Enlargement megaly Small micr/o, micro Fungus (myc/o), bone marrow or spinal cord (myel/o), muscle (my/o) myc/o, myel/o, my/o Pertaining to birth natal Surgical repair of a nerve neuroplasty Abnormal condition or disease osis - Surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface ostomy - Cutting to surgical incision otomy - Study of the ears, nose, and throat otorhinolaryngology Surgical repair plasty - Indicates location, time, number, or status Prefix Renal pelvis (pyel/o), pus (py/o), fever or fire (pyr/o) pyel/o, py/o, pyr/o Any acute, inflammatory, pus forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo pyoderma Bleeding, sudden, severe bleeding rrhage - Surgical suturing to close a wound rrhaphy - Flow or discharge and refers to the flow of most body fluids rrhea - Rupture of a blood vessel or of an organ rrhexis Abnormal hardening sclerosis - Flow or discharge stenosis - Indicates the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease Suffix Formation of pus suppuration Means wound or injury trauma Medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and proper place of treatment triage Contains the basic meaning of the term Word root ( Medical Terminology The Human Body in Health and Disease ) WORD PARTS Fat aden/o Front adip/o .1 .2 Gland anter/o .3 Cell caud/o .4 head cephal/o Lower part of the body Out of Within .5 cyt/o, -cyte .6 - End-, endo exo .7 .8 Back hist/o Means specialist ologist - .9 Means the study of ology - Tissue stasis, -static - . 10 . 11 . 12 MEDICAL TERMS Contains the major organs of digestion abdominal cavity/regions abdominocentesis adenectomy Malignant tumor that originates in the glands and may spread to other parts of the body . 15 adenocarcinoma Benign tumor that starts in the epithelial tissue of a gland adenoma or gland like structure . 18 adenosclerosis anaplasia Study to the structures of the body anatomy . 16 . 17 adenomalacia Changed in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other . 13 . 14 . 19 . 20 . 21 Deviation from what is regarded as normal anomaly Situated in the front, front to forward part of an organ anterior . 22 Defective development, or the congenital absence of an organ or tissue aplasia Spread of pathogens through infected blood or other body fluids bloodborne transmission Toward the lower part of the body caudal . 23 . 24 . 26 Towards the head cephalic Divides body into equal front and back sides coronal plane . 28 chromosome . 29 . 27 Any condition that is transmitted from one person to an- communicable disease other abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth . 30 congenital disorder Material within the cell membrane that is not part of the cytoplasm nucleus dextro disease Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body distal structure . 25 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 . 35 Refers to the back of the organ or body dorsal . 36 Abnormal development or growth of cells, or the presence of abnormal cells within a type of tissue dysplasia Ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area endemic Which produce hormones, do not have ducts endocrine glands Sudden and widespread outbreak of a diseases within a specific population group or area epidemic Located above the stomach epigastric region Study of the causes of diseases or abnormal conditions etiology Secret chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body exocrine glands . 37 . 38 . 39 . 40 . 41 . 42 . 43 Produces physical symptoms for which no disease or other organic cause can be identified functional disorder . 44 Pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene genetic disorder Physician who specializes in the care of older people geriatrician . 46 Hereditary bleeding disorder in which blood clotting fac- hemophilia tor is missing . 47 . 45 Microscopic study of the structure composition, and function of tissues histology Processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment homeostasis Dedicated physician who works only in the hospital hospitalist Increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ hyperplasia . 51 General increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that hypertrophy is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number of cells in the tissues . 52 Located below the stomach . 48 . 49 . 50 hypogastric region Underdevelopment of an organ or tissue, usually due to a hypoplasia deficiency in the number of cells Unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment . 53 . 54 iatrogenic illness . 55 Diseases without a known cause idiopathic disorder . 56 Illness cased by living pathogenic organisms infectious disease . 57 Relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen inguinal Direction toward, or nearer the midline medial lithotomy Is a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that at- mesentery taches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall Plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves . 58 . 59 . 60 . 61 midsagittal plane mode of transmission . 62 . 63 muscles . 64 Hospital acquired infection nosocomial infection Outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide pandemic Space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems pelvic cavity Multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity peritoneum Inflammation of the peritoneum peritonitis . 67 . 68 . 69 phenylketonuria Study of the functions of the structures of the body . 65 . 66 physiology . 70 . 71 Situated in the back, back part of an organ posterior Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure proximal . 72 Located behind the peritoneum retroperitoneal Unspecialized cells that’s are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division stem cells Known as the chest cavity, surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs thoracic cavity . 76 Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissues Types of tissues . 77 Horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and transverse plane inferior portions . 78 . 73 . 74 . 75 Belly button or navel, center of the abdominal wall marks the point where the umbilical cord was attached before birth umbilicus . 79 Insect bite, spread of certain diseases through blood sucking vectors Vector-borne transmission Front, or belly side of the organ or body ventral . 81 . 80