Rocks and the rock cycle vocabulary
Texture- The look and feel of a rock’s surface determined by the size, shape and pattern of a
rock’s grains.
Igneous rock- A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.
Metamorphic rock- A rock type that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat,
pressure or chemical reactions.
Sedimentary rock- a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of
plants and animals are compressed, compacted and cemented together.
Compaction- the process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight.
Cementation- The process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of
sediment together into one mass.
Chemical rock- Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize from solution.
Clastic rock- Sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together under
high pressure.
Deposition- Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.
Elevation- Height above sea level.
Erosion- The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves weathered particles of rock
and soil.
Extrusive rock- Igneous rock layer formed when lava flows onto Earth’s surface and hardens.
Foliated- The term used to describe metamorphic rocks that have grains arranged in parallel
layers or bands.
Grains- The particles of minerals or other rocks that give a rock its texture.
Intrusive rock- Igneous rock layer formed when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface.
Landforms- A feature of topography formed by the processes that shape Earth’s surface.
Landform region- A large area of land where the topography is made mainly of one type of
landform.
Mountain-A land form with high elevation and high relief.
Mountain range- A group of mountains that are closely related in shape, structure, area, and
age.
Organic rock- Sedimentary rock that forms from remains of organisms deposited in thick layers.
Plain- A landform made up of flat or gently rolling land with low relief.
Plateau- A Large landform that has high elevation and a more or less level surface.
Relief- The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area. Rock cycle- a series of processes on the surface and inside earth that slowly change rock from
one kind to another.
Rock forming mineral- Any of the common minerals that make up most of the rocks of Earth’s
crust.
Sediment- Small, solid pieces of materials that come from rocks or the remains of organisms:
earth materials deposited by erosion.
Topography- The shape of the land determined by elevation, relief and landforms.
Weathering- The chemical, physical, and biological processes that break down rock and other
substances.