Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks

Name Class Date STUDV GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERV Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks SECТION 6.1 Formation of Sedimentary Rocks Іп your textbook, read about the processes that form sedimentary rocks. Use each of the terms below to complete the following statements. cementation chemical weathering clastic sediments deposition lithification physical weathering sedimentary rock sorted deposits sediment unsorted deposits Sediment 1. ___________ consists of solid material that has been deposited on Earth's surface Ьу wind, water, ісе, gravity, or chemical precipitation. unsorted deposits 2. Glaciers and landslides tend to create ___________ in which sediments of different sizes are mixed together. chemical weathering , the minerals in а rock are dissolved or З. During ___________ otherwise chemically changed. 4. The process Ьу which mineral growth binds sediment grains together into solid cementation rock is __________ _ clastic sediments 5. Weathering produces ___________ , which are rock and mineral fragments. sedimentary rock 6. When sediments become cemented together, they form __________ _ deposition 7. As а result of ___________ , sediments are laid down on the ground or on the bottom of bodies of water. lithification 8. The physical and chemical process called ___________ transforms sediments into sedimentary rocks. physical weathering 9. During ___________ , minerals remain chemically unchanged, and rock fragments simply break off of the solid rock along fractures or grain boundaries. sorted deposits 1 О. Sediments tend to form ___________ when transported Ьу water and wind. Name Class СНАРТЕR SECTION 6.1 Date STUDY CiUIDE FOR CONTENT МASTERY Formation of Sedimentary Rocks, continued Іп your textbook, read about lithification. For each statement below, write true or false. True _______ 11. Lithification begins with erosion. True _______ 12. Muds may contain up to 60 percent water and shrink as excess water is squeezed out. True _______ 13. Sands are usually poorly compacted during deposition, and they tend to compact а great deal during burial. True _______ 14. Groundwater, oil, and natural gas are commonly found within pore spaces in sedimentary rocks. True _______ 15. The temperature in Earth's crust decreases with depth. False _______ 16. Sediments buried З to 4 km deep experience temperatures that start the chemical and mineral changes that cause cementation. True _______ 17. In one type of cementation, а new mineral grows between sediment grains. True _______ 18. In one type of cementation, existing mineral grains grow larger as the same mineral precipitates and crystallizes around them. Іп your textbook, read about the features of sedimentary rocks. Use each of the terms below to complete the passage. cross-bedding fossils graded bedding lithification ripple marks sand dunes transport bedding bedding The primary feature of sedimentary rocks is (19) _________ , or horizontal layering. lithification The type of bedding that occurs depends upon the sediment's method of (20) _______ _ graded bedding Bedding is called (21) _________ when the heaviest and coarsest material is on the botcross-bedding tom. А second type of bedding called (22) _________ forms as inclined layers of sediment migrate forward across а horizontal surface. Large-scale cross-bedding can Ье formed Ьу migrating sand dunes (23) _________ . When sediment is moved into small ridges Ьу wind or wave action, (24) ripple marks fossils can form. Мапу sedimentary rocks contain (25) _______ _ the preserved remains, impressions, or any other evidence of once-living organisms. During During lithification , parts of an organism can Ье replaced Ьу minerals and turned into rock. (26) _________