Latin Study Guide Stage 1

University:
Amherst College
Course:
CLAS 111 | An Introduction to Latin Language and Literature
Academic year:

2021
Views:

328

Pages:

3
Author:

Alexa Livingston

Latin Study Guide Stage 1: Vocabulary: Basic Latin Word Order: Subject 🡪 Est 🡪 Description Ex: Metella est mater (Metella is the mother) Subject 🡪 Description (Noun) 🡪 Verb Ex: canis in via dormit (The dog is sleeping in the street) Types of Verbs in Latin: State of Being Verbs – The State of Being Verb in Latin is est Action Verbs – Action verbs end in -at/-et/-it Linking Verbs Test: Linking verbs are verbs that if the sides left and right of the verb are switched, the meaning of the sentence remains the same Let’s take a look at one of the prior examples, Metella est mater. The translation of this is “Metella is the mother”. If we flip this, it becomes, “the mother is Metella” which means the same thing which means that est is a linking verb. Here’s an example of a phrase where there is not a linking verb. “The dog eats the food.” If we want to see whether eats is a linking verb, we flip both sides and see if it means the same thing. “The food eats the dog.” Yikes! This is nowhere near the meaning. The initial meaning was a dog simply eating a meal while this is some superhuman food that is attempting to eat the dog. Culture: Roman citizens have 3 names, like Lucius Caecillius Iucundus. The first name, called a praenomen, is a personal name, like John or Michael. The second name, called nomen, shows the clan one is a part of. Clans are like groups of families and held high importance and loyalty in the Roman Empire. The third name, called a cognomen, is the name of the closer family and the relatives. For example, it is similar to one’s last name. This is slightly different from the nomen because a clan generally was much larger than a family. Roman citizens were allowed to vote and were fully protected by the law against unjust treatment. Roman women held an important role. They were responsible for the management of the household and supervised the work of the slaves. While their lives generally revolve around the home, they occasionally went out with friends and some even owned businesses. Slaves were frequent in the Roman Empire. Unlike Roman Citizens, slaves only had one name, like Clemens or Grumio. Slaves were considered property in the Roman Empire and had no rights. Their masters chose how to treat them. There was one notable exception to this rule, the death penalty. Masters could only put their slaves to death if they had a very good reason for doing so. Roman House: People entered the Roman House through the door, which is called the ianua. This was generally a double door. They then went through a short corridor, and reached the main room, which was called the atrium. The atrium is a large room with little furniture. At the center of the atrium was an opening which allowed some light to come into the room. Since there was an opening, at the center of the atrium, there was a pool called the impluvium which served as a pool if it were to rain. At the corner near the main door, there was the lararium, which was the shrine of the household gods. The floor was generally made out of marble and sometimes it was made out of mosaics. The next area was the tablinum, which was a study. From here, the visitor would walk into the peristylium, which was made up of several columns which surrounded the hortus (garden).

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