Important Dates in Carib

Important dates in Carib One of the first places that the English settled in the Caribbean was St Kitts in 1623. Revivalism is an Afro Jamaican folk religion that emerged in Jamaica in the 1860s. The emergence of Revivalism (between 1860 - 1861) was due to the religious movement known as the ‘Great Revival’. Haitian Vodou developed in Haiti between the 16th and 19th centuries. It arose through a process of syncretism between several traditional religions of West and Central Africa and Roman Catholicism. 1898 British West Indies to Cuba (to work on Sugar Plantations) - In 1898, after the Spanish-American War and Cuba's independence, many Black laborers from the British West Indies migrated to Cuba to work on sugar plantations. This migration was driven by the expanding Cuban sugar industry and a need for labor after the abolition of slavery and the ending of Spanish rule. Political Migration - Escape political instability (Cuba Revolution, Grenada Revolution, Jamaica in the 1970s, Haiti) Since the 1950s, the Caribbean has provided agricultural workers in Canada and the United States. During the 1950s and 1960s, large numbers of Caribbean migrants (Wind Rush Generation), especially from Jamaica, Barbados, and Trinidad, moved to the UK to fill labor shortages. Over time, tensions grew between the Caribbean migrants and local British communities, particularly in urban areas like London, Birmingham, and Liverpool. 1981 Brixton riots, which were partly fueled by the social and economic marginalization of Caribbean migrants and their descendants. large influxes of Haitian immigrants to cities like Miami in the 1980s and 1990s led to overcrowded schools, increased demand on public health systems, and challenges in providing adequate housing. “Labourers were given impossible tasks to find gold in territories where they had little or no gold.” (Thompson et al 2017) Tainos in Hispaniola killed all the Spaniards and destroyed their forts in 1493 Encomienda was outlawed in 1720 In 1816 after a slave revolt in Barbados, the planters decided to carry out a series of executions. "Between 1638 and 1838, there were 70 slave revolts throughout the period." Richard Dunn Tacky Rebellion in Jamaica April 7, 1760 - October 1761 - Lead by Tacky a Fante royal The Berbice Rebellion was a slave rebellion in Guyana that began on 23 February 1763 and lasted to December, with leaders including Coffij. it held the country down for several months) Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804. (Very successful) Petticoat Rebellion (1831) - countless enslaved unknown, faceless and voiceless women who rose up against the conformities of slavery. In 1794, a female enslaved, Elizabeth Berry escaped from St Vincent to England where she complained to the plantation owner about the overseer of the plantation. Riots (Angel Gabriel Riot in Guyana 1856) (indenturship) The 1930s Caribbean was marked by a period of devastating economic conditions. People were living in squalid conditions. This led to violence, protests and riots. Adult Suffrage - Jamaica 1944, Barbados 1950, T&T 194 PNP - 1938 JLP - 1943 During the nineteenth century Britain took more direct control of many of the colonies by eliminating the elected assembly. Widespread unrest in the 1930s forced the colonial authorities to reinstate elected representation. The unrest had mainly economic roots, but many felt that better political representation would allow them to press for much-needed economic relief. Across the English-speaking Caribbean between 1934 and 1938 workers came out on strike, held protests and rioted, while the unemployed and distressed took part in hunger marches. The authorities took military action against protesters and strengthened their armed forces, but they also appealed to the government in London for a commission of enquiry. the Moyne Commission (also known as the West India Royal Commission), was sent out in 1938 but its main findings were withheld until after the Second World War. When it was finally published, it recommended social and political reform. Political reform had already begun to occur, though gradually, in the wake of the 1930s unrest, and from 1944 onwards Caribbean territories under British colonial control were granted universal adult suffrage. The territories remained colonies with Britain’s interests being overseen by a Governor General, but a chief minister and members of the legislature were now elected from the ranks of Caribbean people of all ethnicities. This limited self-government could be viewed as a period of transition to full independence, During the nineteenth century, as it became clear that the downturn in sugar prices would mean a decline in plantation economies, Caribbean small farmers or peasants turned more and more towards developing alternative cash crops for export. The first decade after 1838, the Jamaican freedpeople constructed a society beyond the boundaries of the plantations, in partnership with several groups of white evangelical missionaries, particularly the Baptists. Increase land prices. For example, in 1850s prices of land increase from £4 to £20 per acre in Jamaica, £1 to £50 per acre in British Guiana, £60 to £200 per acre in Barbados. Sligoville - The first free village formed in Jamaica established in 1835. In Jamaica, the value of ground provisions increased from eight hundred and fifty four thousand (854, 000) pounds in 1860 to two point six million in 1890. Thus reducing Jamaica’s dependency on imported food. Jamaican peasants' contribution to the export of the country moved from 11% in 1850 to 23% in 1890. Peasants secure enfranchisement of workers. Some peasants had the right to vote due to the size of their plot and the value of their lands. For example, 50,000 freeholders in Jamaica put forward Black candidates for election in 1860. Blacks also were elected to the local assembly. Morant Bay Rebellion, Jamaica October 11, 1865 - led by Paul Bogle, they marched from Stony Gut, 4 miles from Morant Bay, to the courthouse in Morant Bay. Marcus Garvey (born August 17, 1887, St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica) was a charismatic Black leader who organized the first important American Black nationalist movement (1919–26). The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica, 1770-1820 Loss of life and destruction of infrastructure - Soufriere Hills is an active volcano in Montserrat. It became active in 1995 and 2010 and its last eruption was in 2013. Its eruptions have rendered half of Montserrat inhabitable, destroying the capital city Plymouth. Massive Earthquakes in the Caribbean: Jamaica 1907 and 1993, Haiti 2010 Haiti 2010 The 7.1 magnitude earthquake devastated large parts of the capital Port-au-Prince and resulted in massive loss of life making it one of the most destructive earthquakes of all time. 230,000 people were killed. 180,000 homes destroyed by the ground shaking. 2 million people were affected and 1.5 million were homeless. The homeless were accommodated in over 1100 squalid camps with limited services such as water and sanitation. People lived in these camps for over a year. In the camps, destruction and loss of lives continued. As a result the total damage bill was $11.5 billion. Hurricane Gilbert Hurricane Gilbert, 1988 Jamaica, had significant effects on infrastructure and led to the loss of lives. As a Category 3 hurricane with wind speeds exceeding 115 mph, it traversed the island from east to west, leaving widespread devastation. Hurricane Gilbert caused at least 26 casualties. The hurricane destroyed or damaged 100,000 homes, and blew the roofs off 80% of the nation's 500,000 houses. 95% percent of the island’s hospitals were damaged and the quality of health care and emergency response was severely affected. The banana and sugarcane industries were devastated. The banana sector was entirely destroyed, and 30,000 acres of sugarcane were lost. In the 1970s, coral coverage in the Caribbean stood at 50 percent, today it is less than 15 percent In June 2020, Welcome Beach faced a coastal erosion crisis. During an interview with TVJ, scientific officer Brandon Maye explained that the area had suffered significant damage, including the destruction of mangroves. He also noted that large amounts of seaweed had accumulated along the shore, making the beach unsuitable and uninviting for swimming. He says that the entire ecosystem in the area has lost its balance, which can spell danger for these coastal parts when storms or any natural disaster occurs. He expresses that this issue of erosion extends to the reefs themselves. The World Trade Organization came into being in 1995. One of the youngest of the international organizations, the WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in the wake of the Second World War. The EPA was signed in 2008, It was a joint agreement between 15 CARIFORUM STATES and the European Union (EU) CARIFORUM (CARICOM States and Dominican Republic)