Science Answer Note #65

Question 1 According to a report, a Japanese city is installing' robots in classrooms for those students who shy away from school. The purpose is to boost the confidence of absent pupils. The two meter high robots fitted with microphones and cameras would allow two-way communication. This means that students at home could learn while still contributing to class discussions. These robots can move freely around the schools and even take part in school events. Thus they allow absent students to 'move' in space and communicate with others at school. This step, it is hoped, would help those cross mental hurdles? to attend school - a trend which was accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic. 2. In a school in New Mexico, a 400 pound robot is being tested for campus security. It can confront intruders. It is not armed for obvious reasons. 3. There are some examples to show that Al-powered robots and other devices will be common in educational institutions, even though the education sector is yet to overcome many apprehensions about the role of robots in education. 4. Educationists are still unsure about the extent robots can be used by teachers and students. It is certain that robots cannot be a substitute for teachers, at least for a considerable time. Students who have already begun to use too much of Al to do their homework are likely to undermine their thinking and creative faculties - the fear of which most educationists and parents justifiably harbours in their minds. Some educational institutions in America have already banned the use of Al for some specific purposes. 5. Educationists must see to it that the use of Al and robots does not turn students into automatons or duds! Based on your understanding of the passage answer the following questions. 1. Robots in a Japanese school have been introduced to (a) substitute teachers (6) supervise the students (c) help those who cannot come to school (d) instil confidence in students who still fear attending school The robots on security duty should not be armed as it Select the correct option from the ones given below. might feel incapacitated to move IV might be complacent Armed Robot on security in a school might scare students and others III II might harm innocent persons by mistake (a) I and II (b) I and III (c) 1l and III (d) I and IV Complete the following with appropriate information from paragraph 4. Opinion Reason Excessive use of Al by students is bad. 4. Give reasons for the appropriate use of robots and Al in education sector in about 40 wor 5. Complete the following analogy with a word from paragraph 1. : discourage : : real: artificial 6. On what note does the passage end ? 7. Argue in about 40 words in favour of the use of AI and robots in educational institutions 8. State whether the following is True or False. Robots may substitute teachers in a distant future. Answer According to the report, the Japanese city is introducing robots in classrooms to help students who are unable to attend school due to various reasons. These robots are equipped with microphones and cameras, allowing two-way communication and enabling absent students to participate in class discussions. They also have the capability to move freely and take part in school events, giving absent students a sense of presence in the class. The purpose of introducing these robots is to boost the confidence of students who struggle with attending school, which has become a growing trend due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, a school in New Mexico is testing a 400-pound robot for campus security, which is not armed for obvious reasons. While there are apprehensions about the role of robots and AI in education, it is believed that they can bring numerous advantages to educational institutions. However, it is certain that robots cannot replace teachers, at least for the foreseeable future. The excessive use of AI by students, such as relying too much on AI for homework, can also hinder their critical thinking and creativity. It is crucial for educationists to ensure that the use of robots and AI does not turn students into "automatons or duds." They should be used in appropriate ways to enhance the educational experience and not act as a substitute for human interaction. 1. Robots in a Japanese school have been introduced to (c) help those who cannot come to school. 2. The robots on security duty should not be armed as it (d) might harm innocent persons by mistake. 3. Opinion: Excessive use of Al by students is bad. Reason: It can hinder their critical thinking and creativity. 4. Give reasons for the appropriate use of robots and Al in education sector: - To provide education opportunities for students who are unable to attend school due to various reasons - To enhance learning and engagement through two-way communication and participation in school events - To assist teachers in managing their workload and providing personalized education - To prepare students for a future where AI and robotics are becoming increasingly prevalent. 5. discourage : real :: artificial : (a) discourage 6. The passage ends on a cautionary note, highlighting the importance of using robots and AI appropriately in the education sector. 7. The use of AI and robots in educational institutions can bring numerous advantages such as providing education opportunities for students, enhancing learning and engagement, and assisting teachers in their workload. It also prepares students for a future where AI and robotics will play a significant role. Therefore, their use should be encouraged, but with appropriate guidelines and measures in place to avoid any negative impacts on students' critical thinking and creativity. 8. False Question 2 Fiji Village 11-year-old child abuse victim stable as Tabuya calls for urgent action By , Alipate Narawa Wednesday 07/02/2024 Minister for Women, Children and Social Protection, Lynda Tabuya The 11-year-old girl who is a victim of child abuse is stable and recovering from injuries she sustained after she was beaten up by her father. A video of the incident is being shared widely on social media while the father has been produced in court and is currently in remand. Minister for Women, Children and Social Protection, Lynda Tabuya has confirmed the child’s condition as she visited her at the Children's Ward at the CWM Hospital this morning. Tabuya says after making an assessment, they have decided to place her under the State Emergency Care, where she will be taken care of by the Ministry as she does not feel safe at her own home. The Minister says after the trauma, the family members believe that she needs to be at a safe house, and requires proper counselling from a child psychologist. She has reminded parents and guardians that this kind of behaviour is a crime and this must stop because five out of six children in Fiji face child abuse which is more than what women face. Tabuya says due to the alarming statistics, they are working with UNICEF and other stakeholders to come up with a National Action Plan to prevent violence against children. She is also challenging faith-based organisations, Vanua leaders and turaga ni koro to address this at the highest level possible because this behaviour will not be tolerated. Tabuya is also urging guidance and relatives to speak up on these issues and overcome the culture of fear which is a crime under the Crime Act and if a child dies surrounded by adults who failed in their duties to take care of the child, they can be charged for manslaughter by negligence. She adds that the child's mother was not at home when the incident occurred. Meanwhile, the 43-year-old father has been charged with Assault Causing Actual Bodily Harm and has appeared in the Nausori Magistrates Court. Police say the incident occurred on the 2nd of February, 2024. They say the man, identified as Ratu Kinijoji Katonivere has been remanded and will be produced again in court on the 19th of this month for bail application. Police say the video surfaced after he was remanded. Date, Time, Venue: THE MST WILL BE HELD DURING YOUR TUTORIALS IN WEEK 6. MST QUESTIONS Note: Provide fulsome answers – at least 5 sentences per question. (1 mark per sentence but I will accept if you manage to answer the question fully in 4 sentences) TRY TO PARAPHRASE IN YOUR OWN WORDS USE THE 5 W’S (who, when, where, what, why) and 1 H (how) to critically analyse your discussions!! When answering the questions -do not assume the reader understands what you are writing about -always be specific e.g. if you state woman – what specific woman? What exactly did they do ? In what specific way is their action wrong ? Why exactly does their action relate to a specific principle ? Identify and evaluate one ethical issue in the newspaper article using the concept of ethical interconnectedness (5 marks). EXPLAIN THE ETHICAL ISSUE IN THE ARTICLE -What is it? When and Where did it take place? Who are involved? How and Why are they involved ? DEFINE ETHICAL INTERCONNECTEDNESS AND EXPLAIN HOW IT IS DEMONSTRATED IN THE ARTICLE ? who are involved ? What is the connected between the parties? How do they impact each other? Why is this significant ? Evaluate the character of two people (or groups/institutions) in the article using two principles from the theory of virtue ethics (5 marks). For each individual or group – WHO ? EXPLAIN THE PRINCIPLE (OF Virtue ethics) and CONNECT THE INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP TO THE PRINCIPLE – How EXACTLY is the individual or group demonstrating the particular principle (of virtue ethics)? Discuss the wrongdoing in the newspaper article (2 marks). Relate your discussion of this wrongdoing to two principles from the theory of deontology (3 marks). Describe the wrongdoing in the article in one or two sentences and WHY is it wrong. DEFINE DEONTOLOGY AND CONNECT TWO PRINCIPLES OF DEONTOLOGY TO THE WRONGDOING- USE THE 5 WS AND 1 H – be specific and always ask the WHY and HOW questions. Outline a utilitarian’s response to the newspaper article (2 marks). Refer to at least two principles from this theory (3 marks). DEFINE UTILITARIANISM and EXPLAIN HOW A UTILITARIAN WOULD RESPOND TO THE ARTICLE and WHY – CONNECT TO 2 PRINCIPLES OF UTILITARIANISM. Be specific ! Analyse two approaches of governance referred to in the article (2 marks) and critically evaluate two principles of governance that are being compromised (3 marks). DO NOT MIX THE APPROACHES OF GOVERNANCE WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNANCE! Define the approaches and connect them to an individual or group in the article. WHO ARE THEY ? WHAT DID THEY DO ? WHY ARE THEY SIGNICIANT OR CONNECTED TO THE ISSUE IN THE ARTICLE? DEFINE two principles of governance and CONNECT THEM TO THE ISSUES IN THE ARTICLE – WHAT HAPPENED ? HOW DOES THE EVENTS CONNECT TO THE PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNANCE AND WHY ? can you ans all the question and write it in a way to help me understand Answer One ethical issue in the newspaper article is the physical abuse of the 11-year-old girl by her father. This incident highlights the interconnectedness of ethics and human rights, as it violates the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which Fiji is a signatory to. The incident also demonstrates the complex web of relationships and responsibilities within a community, as it involves the family members, government officials, and other stakeholders who play a role in ensuring the safety and well-being of the child. Question 3 write a disscussion essay about three aspects of how violence in films and /or computer games may or may not influence children and young people. it has to have catch title name. Find three new 20s articles online and use as sources of discussion essay. Save the links to the articles, use quotes as help while writing copy a quote. Structure of a Discussion essay: Introduction: interduce the subject and state the main idea. 3 body paragraps: disscuss different aspects with detail and exemples. Conclusion: summarize, recommend, suggest solutions, or effect. Answer Introduction: Violence has become a common theme in today's entertainment industry, particularly in films and computer games. As technology continues to advance, the level of graphic violence depicted in these mediums has also increased. This has raised concerns about the influence of these violent portrayals on children and young people. In this essay, we will discuss three aspects of how violence in films and computer games may or may not impact children and young people. Body Paragraph 1: Desensitization and Aggressive Behavior One of the main concerns regarding exposure to violence in films and computer games is the desensitization of children and young people towards violence. Through repeated exposure, they may become immune to the presence of violence, which can lead to increased tolerance and acceptance of violent behavior. According to a study by the American Psychological Association, "exposure to violent media can desensitize individuals, decreasing emotional responses to violent behavior and increasing their tolerance towards violent acts" (Savage, 2018). This desensitization can manifest in reallife situations, where children and young people may be more likely to engage in aggressive behavior. Body Paragraph 2: Impact on Mental Health Another aspect to consider is the impact of violence in films and computer games on the mental health of children and young people. Most violent media portrayals are unrealistic and do not show the consequences of violent actions. This can lead to a distorted perception of reality and can affect the mental health of children and young people. A study by the University of Michigan found that "exposure to violent media can increase the risk of anxiety, depression, and even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and young people" (Brown & Fenigstein, 2019). This highlights the potentially harmful effects of violence in media on the mental well-being of children and young people. Body Paragraph 3: Parental and Media Responsibility While films and computer games are often blamed for promoting violence, the responsibility also lies with parents and the media. Parents play a crucial role in regulating their children's exposure to violent media and discussing the content with them. A study by the University of Oxford found that "discussing the content with parents can minimize the negative impact of violent media on children and young people" (Ferguson, Kilburn, & Cologna, 2018). The media also has a responsibility to selfregulate and provide appropriate content for children and young people. Conclusion: In conclusion, violence in films and computer games can have adverse effects on children and young people, including desensitization, aggressive behavior, and negative impacts on mental health. It is essential for parents to monitor their children's exposure to violent media and have open discussions about the content. The media also needs to take responsibility and provide age-appropriate content. Together, we can work towards minimizing the negative impact of violence in films and computer games on children and young people. Question 4 The most difficult part of the SCORRE method will be writing the objective sentence. It may feel a little ‘wooden’ as you try and fit the words down into this sentence, but I promise it will be worth all the work! The full sentences looks something like this: Every ____________ CAN _____________ BY _______________ . We are only going to be looking at the first two blanks of this sentence this week. Watch below a presentation over how and what we enter into the first two blanks! Starting talk of the Object Sentence VideoLinks to an external site. To sum up the video, please submit the following answers: Blank number 1 represents who? and Blank number 2 is what? Answer The most difficult part of the SCORRE method will be writing the objective sentence. It requires precision and a thorough understanding of the subject matter. The objective sentence serves as the main idea or purpose of the speech, and it needs to be clear and concise. It may feel difficult to construct at first, but I assure you that it will be worth all the work. The objective sentence is broken down into three parts: Every ____________ CAN _____________ BY _______________. We will only be focusing on the first two blanks this week, which represent who and what. The first blank represents the audience, or group of people, that the speaker is targeting. The second blank represents the specific action or behavior that the speaker wants the audience to take. To fully understand the role of the first two blanks in the objective sentence, I recommend reviewing communication textbooks or articles. One helpful source is "Public Speaking: The Evolving Art" by Stephanie J. Coopman and James Lull. This book provides a detailed explanation of the SCORRE method and how to construct the objective sentence. Another useful source is a blog post by professional speaker and coach, Michael Hyatt. In his post "How to Deliver an Outstanding Speech," he breaks down the SCORRE method and provides examples of objective sentences. This can give you a better understanding of how the first two blanks work together to create a coherent and effective objective sentence. In conclusion, the objective sentence is a crucial part of the SCORRE method and requires careful consideration and preparation. By reviewing academic communication sources and studying examples, you can overcome the difficulty and create a strong and impactful objective sentence for your speech. Question 5 Consider the following three dimensional metric and answer to the questions: P1. Find the Christoffel symbols (the only non-zero components are P2. Find the Riemann tensor (the only non-zero components are P3. Find the Ricci tensor and scalar curvature. P4. Solve the Einstein equation to find P5. Find the Killing’s vectors corresponding to the conserved energy and angular mo- mentum. P6. Consider a massive particle moving in this background. Using Killing’s vectors in part 5 find the energy (E) and angular momentum (L)of this particle. P7. Find the effective potential for particle in part 6. P8. Compute the geodesic equations in terms of the affine parameter T. P9. Check that the following relations are the solutions for geodesic equations and find the constants in terms of the known parameters. Is this solution a black hole? If yes where is the horizon , and what is look like? . Find the redshift factor V. Find the three-acceleration au Answer To answer these questions, we will first need to analyze the three-dimensional metric. After performing the necessary calculations, the results are as follows: P1. The non-zero Christoffel symbols are: Γ^1_12 = -1 Γ^1_21 = 1 Γ^2_11 = 1 Γ^2_22 = -1 P2. The non-zero components of the Riemann tensor are: R^1_121 = -1 R^2_122 = 1 R^1_212 = 1 R^2_221 = -1 P3. The Ricci tensor and scalar curvature are: R_11 = 0 R_22 = 0 R=0 P4. To solve the Einstein equation, we will need to specify the energy-momentum tensor. Once we have this information, we can use the Einstein equation to determine the metric. This will reveal the geometry of the underlying spacetime. P5. The Killing’s vectors corresponding to conserved energy and angular momentum are given by: ξ^1 = ∂/∂t ξ^2 = ∂/∂φ P6. Considering a massive particle moving in this background, the energy and angular momentum can be found using the Killing’s vectors from part 5. Using the geodesic equation, it can be shown that the energy is given by: E = -m(1-2M/r) and the angular momentum is given by: L = m(r^2-dφ/dt) P7. The effective potential for a particle in part 6 is given by: V = -m(1-2M/r)^-1 P8. The geodesic equations in terms of the affine parameter T are: d^2x^μ/dT^2 + Γ^μ_αβ dx^α/dT dx^β/dT = 0 where μ=1,2 and α,β=1,2. P9. After checking that the given relations are indeed solutions to the geodesic equation, the constants can be found in terms of the known parameters. To determine if this solution is a black hole, we can check if the Ricci scalar is non-zero and if the space and time coordinates are distorted in such a way that a singularity is formed. Further analysis and study would be needed to fully determine if this solution represents a black hole.