Answer Key Chapter The Civil War, 1860–1865

Answer Key Chapter: The Civil War, 1860–1865 1. Which of the following does not represent a goal of the Confederate States of America? A. to protect slavery from any effort to abolish it B. to protect the domestic slave trade C. to ensure that slavery would be allowed to spread into western territories D. to ensure that the international slave trade would be allowed to continue 2. Which was not a provision of the Crittenden Compromise? A. that the Five Civilized Tribes would be admitted into the Confederacy B. that the 36°30′ line from the Missouri Compromise would be restored and extended C. that Congress would be prohibited from abolishing slavery where it already existed D. that the interstate slave trade would be allowed to continue 3. Why did the states of the Deep South secede from the Union sooner than the states of the Upper South and the border states? 4. All the following were strengths of the Union except ________. A. a large population B. substantial industry C. an extensive railroad D. the ability to fight defensively, rather than offensively 5. All the following were strengths of the Confederacy except ________. A. the ability to wage a defensive war B. shorter supply lines C. the resources of the Upper South states D. a strong navy 6. What military successes and defeats did the Union experience in 1862? 7. Which of the following did the North not do to mobilize for war? A. institute a military draft B. form a military alliance with Great Britain C. print paper money D. pass the Homestead Act 8. Why is 1863 considered a turning point in the Civil War? 9. Which of the following is not a reason why many people opposed Lincoln’s reelection in 1864? A. He appeared to have overstepped his authority by suspending the writ of habeas corpus. B. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation. C. He had replaced General George B. McClellan. D. He was seen as a power-hungry dictator. 10. What was General Sherman’s objective on his March to the Sea? A. to destroy military and civilian resources wherever possible B. to free Black prisoners of war C. to join his army to that of General Grant D. to capture General Robert E. Lee Critical Thinking Questions 11. Could the differences between the North and South have been worked out in late 1860 and 1861? Could war have been avoided? Provide evidence to support your answer. 12. Why did the North prevail in the Civil War? What might have turned the tide of the war against the North? 13. If you were in charge of the Confederate war effort, what strategy or strategies would you have pursued? Conversely, if you had to devise the Union strategy, what would you propose? How does your answer depend on your knowledge of how the war actually played out? 14. What do you believe to be the enduring qualities of the Gettysburg Address? Why has this two-minute speech so endured? 15. What role did women and African Americans play in the war? Answer Key 1. D. to ensure that the international slave trade would be allowed to continue 2. A. that the Five Civilized Tribes would be admitted into the Confederacy 3. The states of the Deep South seceded sooner because they were more reliant on slavery economically and socially, and they perceived greater threats to the institution of slavery from the election of Abraham Lincoln. 4. D. the ability to fight defensively, rather than offensively 5. D. a strong navy 6. In 1862, the Union experienced defeats at the Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of Chancellorsville but achieved significant victories at the Battle of Antietam and the Battle of Gettysburg. 7. B. form a military alliance with Great Britain 8. 1863 is considered a turning point in the Civil War because of the Union victories at the Battle of Gettysburg and the capture of Vicksburg, which gave the Union control of the Mississippi River. 9. C. He had replaced General George B. McClellan. 10. A. to destroy military and civilian resources wherever possible Critical Thinking Questions 11. The differences between the North and South in late 1860 and 1861 were deeply entrenched, particularly regarding the issue of slavery. While efforts at compromise were made, such as the Crittenden Compromise, the fundamental disagreements over slavery's expansion and its moral implications made a peaceful resolution unlikely. War may have been avoidable if there had been greater willingness to compromise on both sides and if political leaders had been able to defuse tensions more effectively. 12. The North prevailed in the Civil War due to several factors, including its larger population, greater industrial capacity, superior infrastructure (such as railroads), and effective leadership, particularly from figures like President Lincoln and generals like Ulysses S. Grant. The tide of the war could have turned against the North if European powers had intervened on behalf of the Confederacy, if Union morale had collapsed, or if Confederate generals had achieved decisive victories on Northern soil. 13. If I were in charge of the Confederate war effort, I might have pursued a strategy focused on defending Southern territory, prolonging the war to wear down Northern morale, and seeking diplomatic recognition and support from European powers. If devising Union strategy, I would propose a plan that prioritized the preservation of the Union, the blockade of Southern ports, the disruption of Confederate supply lines, and the liberation of enslaved people to undermine the Confederate economy and war effort. 14. The enduring qualities of the Gettysburg Address include its eloquence, its emphasis on the principles of equality and democracy, and its commemoration of the sacrifices made by soldiers in defense of those principles. The speech has endured because it encapsulates the ideals for which the Union fought during the Civil War and continues to resonate with themes of unity, freedom, and national identity. 15. Women and African Americans played significant but often overlooked roles in the Civil War. Women served as nurses, spies, and volunteers, contributing to the war effort on both sides. African Americans served as soldiers in the Union army after the Emancipation Proclamation and played crucial roles in supporting the Union cause, both on the battlefield and through their labor on farms and in factories. Their contributions helped shape the outcome of the war and paved the way for advancements in civil rights.