Answer Key: Rule Britannia! The English Empire

Answer Key Chapter: Rule Britannia! The English Empire, 1660–1763 1. To what does the term “Restoration” refer? a. the restoration of New York to English power b. the restoration of Catholicism as the official religion of England c. the restoration of Charles II to the English throne d. the restoration of Parliamentary power in England 2. What was the predominant religion in Pennsylvania? a. Quakerism b. Puritanism c. Catholicism d. Protestantism 3. What sorts of labor systems were used in the Restoration colonies? 4. Which of the following represents a concern that those in England and her colonies maintained about James II? a. that he would promote the spread of Protestantism b. that he would reduce the size of the British army and navy, leaving England and her colonies vulnerable to attack c. that he would advocate for Parliament’s independence from the monarchy d. that he would institute a Catholic absolute monarchy 5. What was the Dominion of New England? a. James II’s overthrow of the New England colonial governments b. the consolidated New England colony James II created c. Governor Edmund Andros’s colonial government in New York d. the excise taxes New England colonists had to pay to James II 6. What was the outcome of the Glorious Revolution? 7. The Negro Act of 1740 was a reaction to ________. a. fears of a slave conspiracy in the setting of thirteen fires in New York City b. the Stono Rebellion c. the Royal African Company’s monopoly d. the growing power of maroon communities 8. What was the “conspiracy” of the New York Conspiracy Trials of 1741? a. American patriots conspiring to overthrow the royal government b. indentured servants conspiring to overthrow their contract holders c. Enslaved people conspiring to burn down the city and take control d. Protestants conspiring to murder Catholics 9. What was the First Great Awakening? a. a cultural and intellectual movement that emphasized reason and science over superstition and religion b. a Protestant revival that emphasized emotional, experiential faith over book learning c. a cultural shift that promoted Christianity among enslaved communities d. the birth of an American identity, promoted by Benjamin Franklin 10. Which of the following is not a tenet of the Enlightenment? a. atheism b. empiricism c. progressivism d. rationalism 11. Who were the Freemasons, and why were they significant? 12. What was the primary goal of Britain’s wars for empire from 1688 to 1763? a. control of North America b. control of Native Americans c. greater power in Europe and the world d. defeat of Catholicism 13. Who were the main combatants in the French and Indian War? a. France against Native Americans b. Great Britain against Native Americans c. Great Britain against France d. Great Britain against the French and their Native American allies 14. What prompted the French and Indian War? Critical Thinking Questions 15. How did Pennsylvania’s Quaker beginnings distinguish it from other colonies in British America? 16. What were the effects of the consumer revolution on the colonies? 17. How did the ideas of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening offer opposing outlooks to British Americans? What similarities were there between the two schools of thought? 18. What was the impact of the wars for empire in North America, Europe, and the world? 19. What role did Native Americans play in the wars for empire? 20. What shared experiences, intellectual currents, and cultural elements drew together British subjects on both sides of the Atlantic during this period? How did these experiences, ideas, and goods serve to strengthen those bonds? Answer Key 1. c. the restoration of Charles II to the English throne 2. a. Quakerism 3. Various labor systems were used in the Restoration colonies, including indentured servitude, slavery, and tenant farming. 4. d. that he would institute a Catholic absolute monarchy 5. c. Governor Edmund Andros’s colonial government in New York 6. The outcome of the Glorious Revolution was the establishment of parliamentary sovereignty and the overthrow of James II in favor of William III and Mary II. 7. b. the Stono Rebellion 8. c. Enslaved people conspiring to burn down the city and take control 9. b. a Protestant revival that emphasized emotional, experiential faith over book learning 10. a. atheism 11. The Freemasons were a fraternal organization that promoted moral and philosophical ideals through rituals and symbols. They were significant for their influence on Enlightenment thought and their role in shaping social networks and connections in British society. 12. c. greater power in Europe and the world 13. c. Great Britain against France 14. The French and Indian War was prompted by conflicting territorial claims between Great Britain and France in North America, particularly in the Ohio River Valley region. Critical Thinking Questions: 15. Pennsylvania's Quaker beginnings distinguished it from other colonies in British America by promoting religious tolerance, peaceful relations with Native Americans, and a more egalitarian society based on Quaker principles of simplicity, honesty, and pacifism. 16. The consumer revolution in the colonies led to increased demand for consumer goods, expansion of trade networks, growth of urban centers and industries, and the rise of consumer culture. It also contributed to social and economic stratification, as access to luxury goods became a marker of status and wealth. 17. The ideas of the Enlightenment emphasized reason, science, and progress, challenging traditional authority and promoting individual rights and freedoms. In contrast, the Great Awakening emphasized emotional, experiential faith, sparking religious revival and reaffirming traditional religious values. Despite their differences, both movements contributed to shifts in social and political thought and encouraged questioning of established norms and institutions. 18. The wars for empire had significant impacts on North America, Europe, and the world, leading to territorial expansion, changes in colonial governance, economic transformations, and shifts in global power dynamics. These wars also intensified competition between European powers and reshaped international relations. 19. Native Americans played various roles in the wars for empire, including as allies, enemies, and intermediaries. They often formed alliances with European powers based on their own strategic interests and sought to protect their own territories and sovereignty amidst colonial expansion. 20. Shared experiences, intellectual currents, and cultural elements such as the spread of Enlightenment ideas, the growth of transatlantic trade networks, and the circulation of print culture served to strengthen bonds among British subjects on both sides of the Atlantic. These shared experiences fostered a sense of British identity and unity, despite geographical distance and cultural differences.