Answer Key Chapter Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 1820–1860

Answer Key Chapter: Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 1820–1860 1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Second Great Awakening? A. greater emphasis on nature B. greater emphasis on religious education of children C. greater church attendance D. belief in the possibility of a better world 2. Transcendentalists were most concerned with ________. A. the afterlife B. predestination C. the individual D. democracy 3. What do the Second Great Awakening and transcendentalism have in common? 4. Which religious community focused on the power of patriarchy? A. Shakers B. Mormons C. Owenites D. Rappites 5. Which community or movement is associated with transcendentalism? A. the Oneida Community B. the Ephrata Cloister C. Brook Farm D. Fourierism 6. How were the reform communities of the antebellum era treated by the general population? 7. The first temperance laws were enacted by ________. A. state governments B. local governments C. the federal government D. temperance organizations 8. Sylvester Graham’s reformers targeted ________. A. the human body B. nutrition C. sexuality D. all of the above 9. Whom did temperance reformers target? 10. In the context of the antebellum era, what does colonization refer to? A. Great Britain’s colonization of North America B. the relocation of African Americans to Africa C. American colonization of the Caribbean D. American colonization of Africa 11. Which of the following did William Lloyd Garrison not employ in his abolitionist efforts? A. moral suasion B. immediatism C. political involvement D. pamphleteering 12. Why did William Lloyd Garrison’s endorsement of the Grimké sisters divide the abolitionist movement? A. They advocated equal rights for women. B. They supported colonization. C. They attended the Seneca Falls Convention. D. They lectured to co-ed audiences. 13. Which female reformer focused on women’s roles as the educators of children? A. Lydia Maria Child B. Sarah Grimké C. Catherine Beecher D. Susan B. Anthony 14. How did the abolitionist movement impact the women’s movement? Critical Thinking Questions 15. In what ways did the Second Great Awakening and transcendentalism reflect and react to the changes in antebellum American thought and culture? 16. What did the antebellum communal projects have in common? How did the ones most influenced by religion differ from those that had other influences? 17. In what ways do temperance, health reforms, and phrenology offer reflections on the changes in the United States before the Civil War? What needs did these reforms fill in the lives of antebellum Americans? 18. Of the various approaches to the problem of slavery, which one do you find to be the most effective and why? 19. In what ways were antebellum feminists radical? In what ways were they traditional? Answer Key 1. A. greater emphasis on nature 2. C. the individual 3. Both the Second Great Awakening and transcendentalism emphasized individual spiritual experiences, personal growth, and the possibility of personal transformation. 4. A. Shakers 5. C. Brook Farm 6. The reform communities of the antebellum era were often met with skepticism, criticism, and even hostility from the general population, who viewed their unconventional lifestyles and beliefs with suspicion. 7. A. state governments 8. D. all of the above 9. Temperance reformers targeted alcohol consumption and its negative effects on individuals, families, and society. 10. B. the relocation of African Americans to Africa 11. C. political involvement 12. A. They advocated equal rights for women. 13. C. Catherine Beecher 14. The abolitionist movement provided opportunities for women to become involved in social activism and political organizing, leading to increased awareness of women's rights and paving the way for the women's movement. Critical Thinking Questions 15. The Second Great Awakening and transcendentalism both reflected and reacted to the changes in antebellum American thought and culture by emphasizing individualism, spiritual experiences, and the possibility of personal transformation in response to societal changes and challenges. 16. Antebellum communal projects shared a desire for social and spiritual reform, but those influenced by religion often emphasized celibacy, communal living, and shared property as expressions of religious devotion, while secular communal projects focused more on social experimentation and economic cooperation. 17. Temperance, health reforms, and phrenology reflected the changing values and concerns of antebellum Americans by addressing issues such as personal health, moral behavior, and social order in response to the perceived challenges of industrialization, urbanization, and social change. 18. The effectiveness of approaches to the problem of slavery can be debated, but one could argue that the abolitionist movement, with its moral suasion, political activism, and emphasis on human rights, played a significant role in raising awareness about the injustices of slavery and ultimately contributing to its abolition. 19. Antebellum feminists were radical in challenging traditional gender roles and advocating for women's rights to education, property ownership, and political participation. However, they also embraced traditional ideals of motherhood and domesticity as a basis for arguing for women's moral authority and influence in society.